Nursing Preparation Study Guide

Nursing Preparation Study Guide • Mammary glands: Specialized sweat glands of the breast that secrete milk for infant nourishment. • Labia minora and labia majora: Parts of the external female genitalia; these folds surround the opening to the vagina and the vestibule, which houses the opening to female urethra and clitoris anteriorly. 8.4.3 Common Diseases and Disorders • Impotence: Male sexual dysfunction. • Erectile dysfunction: The inability to produce an erection due to physiological or psychological causes. • Cryptorchidism: Occurs when the testis does not descend into the scrotum; high risk of testicular cancer if the testis is not removed. • Amenorrhea: An interruption of the uterine cycle for six months or more. • Dysmenorrhea: Painful menstruation. 8.4.4 Medical Terminology • Oogenesis: The process of ovum production. • Spermatogenesis: The process which produces spermatozoa from spermatogonia. • Ovulation: The part of the menstrual cycle in which the secondary oocyte is released for fertilization in the fallopian tubes. • Menopause: Occurs when the reproductive hormone levels drop, which leads to the termination of the uterine cycle, thus ending the reproductive period for the female. • Meiosis: A specialized form of cell division involved in the production of gametes for sexual reproduction. • Menstrual cycle: Also known as the uterine cycle, the monthly series of changes of the female reproductive system in the uterine inner layer, the endometrium, as it prepares for the implantation of a fertilized ovum. The uterine cycle can be divided into three phases: menses, the proliferative phase, and the secretory phase. The uterine cycle averages 28 days in length. Day 1 is menses and it is when the endometrium degenerates. Blood cells and degenerating tissues break away and enter the uterine lumen and pass through the vagina. • Erection: When blood flow increases in the vascular channels of the penis and the shaft becomes engorged with blood, the erection occurs. The penis becomes stiff and upright for the purpose of sexual intercourse. • Ejaculation: The expulsion of the ejaculate (sperm and seminal fluid) through the male urethra to the exterior of the body .

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