Philosophy

Philosophy Study Guide

Table of Contents Chapter 1: The Nature of Philosophy ............................................................................................................... 8 1.1 What is Philosophy? ...................................................................................................................................................8 1.2 Why Study Philosophy? .............................................................................................................................................8 1.3 Having a Philosophy ...................................................................................................................................................9 1.4 Doing Philosophy (Thinking Philosophically) ..................................................................................................9 1.5 Critical Thinking ..........................................................................................................................................................9 1.6 Stages in Critical Thinking..................................................................................................................................... 10 1.7 Logical Reasoning..................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.8 Argument Forms ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.9 Evaluating Arguments............................................................................................................................................. 11 1.10 Informal Fallacies .................................................................................................................................................. 11 1.11 Branches of Philosophy ....................................................................................................................................... 12 1.12 Bertrand Russell..................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.13 Chapter One Terminology................................................................................................................................... 15 1.14 Chapter One Practice Exam ................................................................................................................................ 16 Chapter 2: What is the Philosopher’s Way? .................................................................................................18 2.1 Birth of Philosophy .................................................................................................................................................. 18 2.2 The Socratic Method................................................................................................................................................ 19 2.3 Socrates’ Central Concern: The Soul .................................................................................................................. 20 2.4 The Trial and Death of Socrates .......................................................................................................................... 21 2.5 Socrates’ Legacy ........................................................................................................................................................ 22 2.6 Chapter Two Practice Exam.................................................................................................................................. 24 Chapter 3: Thinking Philosophically about Religious Beliefs ................................................................26 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 26 3.2 What is Religion? ...................................................................................................................................................... 27 3.3 Feuerbach: God is a Human Projection............................................................................................................. 27 3.4 Nishitani: Religion is a Vital Quest ..................................................................................................................... 28 3.5 A Brief Survey of World Religions ...................................................................................................................... 29 3.6 Indigenous Sacred Ways ........................................................................................................................................ 33

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