SAMPLE Nursing Entrance Exam Prep
1.2 Craft and Structure 1.2.1 Facts, Opinions, Biases, and Stereotypes
Factsarebasedonreal,provableevents,orsituations.Opinionsarebeliefsthatarebasedon personalideas,judgments,orthoughtsratherthanonindisputablefacts.Itcanbedifficultto tell when a writer’s work is fact or opinion when they personally believe that their strong opinions are facts. Biases and stereotypes can alter a writer’s ability to draw accurate conclusions. Biases are ideas or opinions that can cloud a person’s judgment and preventa person from making fair judgments. Stereotypes are oversimplified opinions about entire groupsofpeopleorthingsthatdonotconsiderindividualdifferences.Criticalreadingisused to carefully analyze a text, judge its credibility and determine the author’s intentions in writing.
1.2.2 Text Structure Text structure refers to the way in which a text is organized. A sequence of ideas can be presented in a bulleted or numbered list so that therelevantinformationistogetherandin sequential order. A problem-solution structure can be used to organize problemsandtheir solutions in a way that is easy to read. Problems can be addressed in one paragraph and solutionsinthenext.Acause-effectstructurecanbeusedtodescribeanactionfirstandthen the consequence. A descriptive passage does not follow a formatting style but uses many adjectives to flesh out an idea or concept and make it more visible to the reader. Example Read the following text, and then answer the question about text structure. Ingredients: ● 2 cups of sugar
● 1 cup of milk ● 1 cup of flour ● 1 cup of coconut
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