SAMPLE Nursing Entrance Exam Prep

‭1.2 Craft and Structure‬ ‭1.2.1 Facts, Opinions, Biases, and Stereotypes‬

‭Facts‬‭are‬‭based‬‭on‬‭real,‬‭provable‬‭events,‬‭or‬‭situations.‬‭Opinions‬‭are‬‭beliefs‬‭that‬‭are‬‭based‬‭on‬ ‭personal‬‭ideas,‬‭judgments,‬‭or‬‭thoughts‬‭rather‬‭than‬‭on‬‭indisputable‬‭facts.‬‭It‬‭can‬‭be‬‭difficult‬‭to‬ ‭tell‬ ‭when‬ ‭a‬ ‭writer’s‬ ‭work‬ ‭is‬ ‭fact‬ ‭or‬ ‭opinion‬ ‭when‬ ‭they‬ ‭personally‬ ‭believe‬ ‭that‬ ‭their‬ ‭strong‬ ‭opinions‬ ‭are‬ ‭facts.‬ ‭Biases‬ ‭and‬ ‭stereotypes‬ ‭can‬ ‭alter‬ ‭a‬ ‭writer’s‬ ‭ability‬ ‭to‬ ‭draw‬ ‭accurate‬ ‭conclusions.‬ ‭Biases‬ ‭are‬ ‭ideas‬ ‭or‬ ‭opinions‬ ‭that‬ ‭can‬ ‭cloud‬ ‭a‬ ‭person’s‬ ‭judgment‬ ‭and‬ ‭prevent‬‭a‬ ‭person‬ ‭from‬ ‭making‬ ‭fair‬ ‭judgments.‬ ‭Stereotypes‬ ‭are‬ ‭oversimplified‬ ‭opinions‬ ‭about‬ ‭entire‬ ‭groups‬‭of‬‭people‬‭or‬‭things‬‭that‬‭do‬‭not‬‭consider‬‭individual‬‭differences.‬‭Critical‬‭reading‬‭is‬‭used‬ ‭to‬ ‭carefully‬ ‭analyze‬ ‭a‬ ‭text,‬ ‭judge‬ ‭its‬ ‭credibility‬ ‭and‬ ‭determine‬ ‭the‬ ‭author’s‬ ‭intentions‬ ‭in‬ ‭writing.‬

‭1.2.2 Text Structure‬ ‭Text‬ ‭structure‬ ‭refers‬ ‭to‬ ‭the‬ ‭way‬ ‭in‬ ‭which‬ ‭a‬ ‭text‬ ‭is‬ ‭organized.‬ ‭A‬ ‭sequence‬ ‭of‬ ‭ideas‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭presented‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬ ‭bulleted‬ ‭or‬ ‭numbered‬ ‭list‬ ‭so‬ ‭that‬ ‭the‬‭relevant‬‭information‬‭is‬‭together‬‭and‬‭in‬ ‭sequential‬ ‭order.‬ ‭A‬ ‭problem-solution‬ ‭structure‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭used‬ ‭to‬ ‭organize‬ ‭problems‬‭and‬‭their‬ ‭solutions‬ ‭in‬ ‭a‬ ‭way‬ ‭that‬ ‭is‬ ‭easy‬ ‭to‬ ‭read.‬ ‭Problems‬ ‭can‬ ‭be‬ ‭addressed‬ ‭in‬ ‭one‬ ‭paragraph‬ ‭and‬ ‭solutions‬‭in‬‭the‬‭next.‬‭A‬‭cause-effect‬‭structure‬‭can‬‭be‬‭used‬‭to‬‭describe‬‭an‬‭action‬‭first‬‭and‬‭then‬ ‭the‬ ‭consequence.‬ ‭A‬ ‭descriptive‬ ‭passage‬ ‭does‬ ‭not‬ ‭follow‬ ‭a‬ ‭formatting‬ ‭style‬ ‭but‬ ‭uses‬ ‭many‬ ‭adjectives to flesh out an idea or concept and make it more visible to the reader.‬ ‭Example‬ ‭Read the following text, and then answer the question about text structure.‬ ‭Ingredients:‬ ‭●‬ ‭2 cups of sugar‬

‭●‬ ‭1 cup of milk‬ ‭●‬ ‭1 cup of flour‬ ‭●‬ ‭1 cup of coconut‬

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