SAMPLE Sociology

‭Example‬ ‭Some‬‭individuals‬‭face‬‭a‬‭choice‬‭when‬‭approaching‬‭adulthood‬‭about‬‭whether‬‭they‬‭will‬‭continue‬‭to‬ ‭live‬‭at‬‭home‬‭with‬‭their‬‭parents‬‭or‬‭move‬‭into‬‭their‬‭own‬‭space.‬‭In‬‭some‬‭cultures,‬‭it‬‭is‬‭customary‬‭for‬ ‭young‬ ‭adults‬ ‭to‬ ‭continue‬ ‭living‬ ‭at‬ ‭home‬ ‭with‬ ‭their‬‭parents‬‭until‬‭they‬‭get‬‭married,‬‭while‬‭in‬‭other‬ ‭cultures, it is customary for young adults to move out of their childhood home.‬ ‭In‬‭the‬‭example‬‭above,‬‭the‬‭country’s‬‭culture‬‭influences‬‭where‬‭a‬‭young‬‭adult‬‭chooses‬‭to‬‭live.‬‭Sociologists‬ ‭observe‬‭the‬‭behavior‬‭of‬‭individuals‬‭in‬‭large‬‭groups,‬‭usually‬‭those‬‭who‬‭belong‬‭to‬‭the‬‭same‬‭community,‬‭to‬ ‭understand these cultural trends.‬ ‭Sociology Approaches‬ ‭The‬ ‭positivist‬ ‭Approach‬ ‭is‬ ‭a‬ ‭form‬ ‭of‬ ‭empirical‬ ‭study‬ ‭that‬ ‭examines‬ ‭the‬ ‭use‬‭of‬ ‭scientific‬‭methods‬ ‭to‬ ‭establish‬‭evidence‬‭of‬‭specific‬ ‭social‬‭behaviors‬ ‭.‬‭This‬‭approach‬‭relies‬‭primarily‬‭on‬‭the‬‭use‬‭of‬ ‭quantitative‬ ‭data‬ ‭as‬ ‭opposed‬ ‭to‬ ‭qualitative‬ ‭information‬ ‭and‬ ‭objective‬ ‭natural‬ ‭laws‬ ‭as‬ ‭opposed‬ ‭to‬ ‭subjective‬ ‭interpretations‬ ‭that are assumed to govern all human‬‭behavior.‬ ‭The‬ ‭interpretive‬‭approach‬ ‭is‬‭more‬‭subjective‬‭and‬‭focuses‬‭on‬‭understanding‬‭people‬‭from‬‭a‬‭historical‬‭and‬ ‭cultural‬‭perspective.‬‭It‬‭emphasizes‬‭discovering‬‭the‬‭meaning‬‭behind‬‭the‬‭underlying‬‭motivations‬‭of‬‭social‬ ‭behavior instead of attempting to explain or predict it.‬ ‭Some‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭subfields‬ ‭that‬ ‭fall‬ ‭within‬ ‭the‬ ‭scope‬ ‭of‬ ‭sociology‬ ‭include‬ ‭Social‬ ‭Organization,‬ ‭Social‬ ‭Psychology,‬ ‭Social‬ ‭Change,‬ ‭Human‬ ‭Ecology,‬ ‭Population‬ ‭and‬ ‭Demographics,‬ ‭Applied‬ ‭Sociology,‬ ‭Sociological Methods and Research.‬ ‭Table 1 - 1: Subfields within sociology‬

‭Social Organization‬

‭Focuses on‬‭how social structures, norms, and roles‬‭shape individuals and groups.‬

‭Social Psychology‬

‭Examines how individual behavior is shaped by group dynamics & social environment.‬

‭The‬‭transformation‬‭of‬‭societies‬‭and‬‭communities‬‭over‬‭time‬‭due‬‭to‬‭various‬‭factors,‬ ‭such as technology, economics, culture, and migration.‬ ‭The‬ ‭study‬ ‭of‬ ‭human-environment‬ ‭relationships,‬ ‭including‬ ‭how‬ ‭populations‬ ‭and‬ ‭cultures adapt to environmental changes.‬

‭Social Change‬

‭Human Ecology‬

‭Population &‬ ‭Demographics‬

‭Studies the size, composition, and dynamics of populations.‬

‭The application of sociological theory & methods to research & practice in a wide variety‬ ‭of fields, including healthcare, education, business, & the criminal justice system.‬ ‭The branch of sociology dedicated to developing & applying techniques to generate,‬ ‭analyze & interpret social data.‬

‭Applied Sociology‬

‭Sociological‬ ‭Methods & Research‬

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