SAMPLE Sociology

‭Chapter 2:‬ ‭Sociological Research‬ ‭Overview‬

‭Chapter‬‭2‬‭will‬‭explore‬‭the‬‭various‬‭views,‬ ‭methods‬ ‭,‬‭and‬ ‭approaches‬ ‭to‬‭conducting‬‭sociological‬‭research.‬ ‭We‬ ‭will‬ ‭look‬ ‭at‬ ‭the‬ ‭role‬ ‭of‬ ‭the‬ ‭scientific‬ ‭method‬ ‭,‬ ‭various‬ ‭research‬ ‭designs‬ ‭and‬ ‭methods,‬ ‭types‬ ‭of‬ ‭experiments‬ ‭,‬‭and‬ ‭data‬‭analysis‬ ‭.‬‭Additionally,‬‭we‬‭will‬‭delve‬‭into‬‭the‬‭usefulness‬‭of‬ ‭ethnography‬ ‭and‬‭will‬ ‭discuss‬ ‭the‬ ‭importance‬ ‭of‬ ‭reliability‬ ‭and‬ ‭validity‬ ‭in‬ ‭sociological‬ ‭research.‬ ‭Finally,‬ ‭we‬ ‭will‬‭discuss‬‭the‬ ‭ethical concerns‬ ‭associated with conducting non-obtrusive‬‭sociological research.‬ ‭Learning Objectives‬

‭By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:‬

‭●‬ ‭Identify and explain the three major views on sociological research.‬ ‭●‬ ‭Explain the basic steps in the scientific method for conducting research.‬ ‭●‬ ‭Describe different types of research designs and research methods.‬ ‭●‬ ‭Describe the ethnographic research method and its stages.‬ ‭●‬ ‭Define reliability and validity and list types of reliability and validity.‬ ‭●‬ ‭Explain ethical concerns in sociological research‭.‬‬ ‭A. Sociological Research‬ ‭Three Major Views on Sociological Research‬

‭Sociological‬‭research‬‭is‬‭the‬ ‭systematic‬‭investigation‬ ‭of‬‭social‬‭relationships,‬‭social‬‭structures,‬‭and‬‭social‬ ‭institutions.‬ ‭The‬ ‭three‬ ‭major‬ ‭approaches‬ ‭to‬ ‭sociological‬ ‭research‬ ‭are‬ ‭positivist‬ ‭,‬ ‭interpretivist‬ ‭(also‬ ‭called‬‭anti-positivism), and‬ ‭critical‬ ‭.‬ ‭Table 9 - 2: The three approaches to sociological research‬

‭Approaches to‬ ‭Sociology‬

‭Defined as‬

‭Research Approach‬

‭Studies the rules that govern behavior in‬ ‭society through a scientific lens, using‬ ‭empirical data‬ ‭.‬ ‭Analyzes how society is shaped by‬ ‭beliefs and other external factors.‬ ‭Max Weber‬ ‭pointed out that sociologists‬ ‭come with a certain worldview that can‬ ‭shape their research‬ ‭.‬

‭Focuses on objective, observable‬ ‭quantitative data to make statements‬ ‭about larger‬ ‭social phenomena‬ ‭.‬ ‭Encourages the exploration of qualitative‬ ‭data through‬ ‭subjective experiences‬ ‭&‬ ‭values.‬

‭Positivism‬

‭Anti-positivism‬ ‭(interpretative)‬

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