Sociology

Sociology Study Guide

Structured An inflexible interview technique; each subject is asked the same questions in the same order and must reply from a set of predetermined possible answers. Subjectivity Based on values or experiences. Survey A systematic and standardized means of collecting data. Symbol Anything that represents something else. Symbolic Interaction How people react to items within a society. Theoretical Perspective Broad assumptions about society and social behavior that provides a point of view for the study of specific problems. Theory An organized statement that establishes a set of concepts in a relevant way to explain a possible relationship among them. Unobtrusive Measures An attempt made by researchers to study individuals without imposing themselves on them. Unstructured A form of interviewing where the subjects are asked open- ended questions. Variable One part of an experiment that is subject to change. When reading through Chapter 2, the following people are important: Sociologist Information Comte, Auguste (1798-1857) Founder of sociology. Coined the term “sociology.” Durkheim, Emile (1858-1917) Believed societies unified by shared values and beliefs Mark, Karl (1818-1883) Influential in many scientific circles. Writings inspired the Socialist and Communist movements. Spencer, Herbert (1820-1903) Applied Darwin’s evolutionary theory to societies in order to explain social order and change. Weber, Max Most influential Western sociologist; German. The following charts or tables illustrate important information pertinent to Chapter 2material: Four types of suicide as explained by Emile Durkheim: • Egotistic: Victim does not feel connected to the large society. • Altruistic: Victim places welfare of other above own life. • Fatalistic: Victim feels powerless to regulate his or her own life. • Anomic: Victim response to social disorder.

©2018

Achieve Test Prep

Page 9

of 172