Sociology

Sociology Study Guide

The common perspectives of sociological study and the sociologists associated with them: Perspective Supporting Sociologists Explanations Functionalist Spencer, Durkheim, Parsons, and Merton -Society consists of several parts. -Each part has specific functions. -Each function is necessary to society’s stability. Conflict Marx, Mills, Dahrendorf, and Collins -Society changes through conflict. -Those struggles erupt in all types of groups and dynamics. -Those struggles can be positive. Interactionist Weber, Mead, Goffman, Homans -Society is made up of people who interact daily. -Individuals are constantly developing their society by their daily actions and reactions. Chapter 3 Preview When reading about social processes in Chapter 3, the following terms are important to know and understand: Term Definition Achieved Status Social status that one earns. Agents of Socialization The influences that affect individuals through the lifespan. Aggregate People located in the same place at the same time; not considered a group. Anomie A state of confusion or imbalance that exists when norms are weak, absent, or conflicting. Ascribed Status Social status with which one is born. Basic Drives Urges that push a person to fulfill basic needs. Beliefs Shared ideas collectively held by those within a culture. Bereavement The process of dealing with the loss of a loved one. Bureaucracy Hierarchical authority structure with strict rules and procedures. Collective Organization Formal association consisting of part-time volunteers who contribute to many of the necessary aspects of an organization, including decision-making. Counterculture A culture within a culture that has norms, values, and lifestyles in complete opposition to those of the dominant culture.

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