Sociology

Sociology Study Guide

Achieve Test Prep Cultural beliefs that justify one group’s goals. Impression Management Attempting to manage the impressions others make by creating scenes. Incest Taboo Powerful moral prohibition against sexual relations among close relatives. Indeterminate Task A task that does not have an absolute answer. Institution Collection of shared expectations about long-held public habits. Language Written and spoken forms of human speech. Leader Someone who is able to influence the behavior of others primarily due to their personality traits. Master Class A person’s most significant social status. Mental Disorder A psychological inability to handle ordinary situations. Nonverbal Communication The exchange of information via non-linguistic means or symbols. Norms Guidelines that establish the accepted behavior in given situations. Oligarchy An organization that is ruled by a hierarchy with a few powerful individuals at the top. Organization Large, formal association. Parkinson’s Law The idea that in a bureaucracy, the workload tends to expand to fill the time allotted for it. Personality The patterns of thought, feeling, and action of an individual. Peter Principle The idea that in a hierarchy, every employee tends to rise (or rather fall) to his level of incompetence. Primary Group A group made up of individuals who know each other more intimately and interact more frequently. Psychosis A profound mental disturbance or break with reality that renders the individual unable to function appropriately in society. Real Culture The actual norms and values practiced inside a society. Resocialization Process of learning a new set of socially acceptable behaviors while dropping previously acquired learned behaviors. Role Established pattern of behavior, associated with a set of obligations or privileges. Role Conflict The problem that results when two or more roles contradict each other. Role Confusion Experienced when a single person has several social statuses, each with different roles. Role Expectations Social norms attributed to a certain role. Role Performance Actual behavior exhibited by someone in a role. Role Set Many related roles. Page 12 of 172 Ideologies

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