Sociology

Sociology Study Guide

Achieve Test Prep of 172 Role Strain The problem of too many expectations being inherent in one role. Sanctions -Informal Sanctions -Formal Sanctions Rewards for conformity and punishments for nonconformity. -Disapproval or rejection imposed by a primary group for nonconformity. -Punishments enacted by organizations. Secondary Group A group that interacts on a short-term, less personal basis. Simple Reflexes Involuntary muscle responses. Small Group Contains few members who all relate to one another as individuals. Social Category People who are connected by an ideal, but who lack social structure. Not considered a group. Social Class Group of individuals who have the same status within a society. Social Control Measures taken to encourage conformity and discourage or restrain deviance. Social Institution Established set of roles, statuses, and groups, all of which share common norms and values that have developed out of social need. Social Interaction The process of people reacting and responding to one another in society. Social Network A loosely unified group of people whose members interact on occasion and who share a loose sense of identity. Social Order The state a society is in when most of its members are in a state of conformity to the established norms. Social Psychology Analyzes how personality and behavior is influenced or altered by social contexts. Social Structure The pattern of interacting relationships among the different components of the society. Socialization The process by which individuals learn the roles and structure of their society. Society People who share a culture, live in the same physical territory, and are under the same authority or political entity. Status A person’s position in a society. Status Inconsistency A contradictory set of statuses applied to one person. Stigma A characteristic much like a ‘mark’ that is shared by deviants and sets them apart from ‘normal’ members of society. Subcultures A culture within a culture whose norms, values, and lifestyles differ in some way from those of the dominant culture. Symbol Agreed upon representation of something else. Page 13

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