Sociology

Sociology Study Guide

o Reacting quicker to signs of marital problems. o Ease of getting a divorce. • The three types of residential living: o Patrilocal residence: Custom dictates that married partners dwell in or near the husband’s father. o Matrilocal residence: Custom dictates that married partners dwell in or near the wife’s father. o Neolocal residence: Custom dictates that married partners dwell in a new residence separate from the kin of either spouse. • Types of marital authority: o Patriarchy: Husband has more authority in the family. o Matriarchy: Wife has more authority in the family. o Egalitarian: Husband and wife share authority equally in the family. • Systems of inheritance and family descent: o Patrilineal system: Descent and inheritance passes through the male side of the family. o Matrilineal system: Descent and inheritance passes through the female side of the family. o Bilateral system: Descent and inheritance passes through both sides of the family. Concerning Educational Institutions: Functionalists view schools as important to maintaining social order with the five main functions being: socialization, social control, selection & allocation, assimilation of newcomers, and social innovation and change. Conflict theorists view schools as a tool used by different social groups to maintain or get wealth,power, and prestige by helping to reproduce the class systemwithin each new generation. • The three subcultures of students: o Academic: Intellectual leaders, high grades, academic activities. o Fun: Popular students, social, athletics/parties/dating. o Delinquent: Rebellious toward authority, rules, and/or structure. • The five intended functions of education: o Socialization: The culturally-based transmission of knowledge, technical skills, values, and norms.  Geography, math, science, communication along with politics, behavior, morality, and heritage. o Social control: Teaching culturally appropriate behavior, cooperation, loyalty, and obedience. o Selection and allocation: Screening and selection for different types of jobs through diplomas and certifications. o Assimilation: Social integration of minorities into the dominant society through the teachingof the English language, patriotism, US history, customs, and traditions.

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