Sociology

Sociology Study Guide

o Death rate: The number of deaths per 1,000 members of the population per year. The death rate, or mortality, of a society varies by social class. o Migration: The movement of people from one place to another, into or out of a society. • Two factors affecting birth rate: o Biological factors: the number of women actually of childbearing age and the health of those women. o Social factors: the type of birth control methods available in the society. • The two types of migration: o International migration: Movement from one country to another. o Internal migration: Movement within a country. • Factors affectingmigration: o Push factors: Reasons that push people out of a country or region, like overpopulation, horrid climate, and inadequate housing and/or employment opportunities. o Pull factors: Reasons that attract people to a country or region, like political or religious freedoms, pleasant weather, employment opportunities, etc. • The three characteristics of a city: o Size: May leave individuals feeling lost and anonymous. o Population density: Forces individuals into specific interactions (not whole relationships). o Social diversity: Opens individuals to different viewpoints and cultures. Chapter 7 Preview When reading more about social processes in Chapter 7, the following terms are important to know and understand: Term Definition Collective Behavior Spontaneous actions of people trying to work out common responses to ambiguous situations that are unpredictable, unstructured, and unstable. Convergence Theory The idea that all societies are becoming more similar due to modernization. Crowds Temporary groups of people who are in close proximity to one another and who have a common focus. Cultural Lag The delay that exists between a technological development and the cultivation of an adequate cultural understanding and interaction with it. Mass Behavior A widely dispersed crowd that does not have face- to-face contact, but who still influences one another indirectly through common sources of information.

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