Sociology

Sociology Study Guide

newborn has a mere four emotions (pleasure, surprise, disgust, and distress), other emotions soon develop andmore continue to develop until the more complex emotions develop in adolescence. Age Emotion Newborn Pleasure, surprise, disgust, distress 6-8 weeks Joy 3 months Anger 8-9 months Fear 12-18 months Affection 5-6 years Insecurity, confidence, envy Adolescence More complex emotions Table 9: Ages of Emotional Development Traumatic life experiences can hinder or halt the developmental timeline. Common experiences in a societal culture, particular subcultures, family, and friends all play integral roles in the socialization of each member of a society. There are a great many similarities among those in the same society, but differences between subcultures. There are similarities between members of a family or group of friends, but there are differences in each individual. Personal Development Personality, the patterns of thought, feeling, and action of an individual, is influencedby socialization. Contrary to the view that personality is unique to an individual, psychologists view personality as a learned or patterned behavior. There are three recognized components of personality: • Cognitive component: Thoughts, beliefs, perceptions, and other intellectual abilities. • Emotional aspect: Feelings. • Behavioral component: Skills, aptitudes, competencies. The development of a personality and the concept of self are integrated closely to the process of socialization. The concept of self, as defined by sociologists, is a person’s awareness of and feelings about his or her social status and identity. Several theories of personal development have been developed over the course of sociological study and inquiry. • Looking Glass Self: Charles Horton Cooley, American economist and social psychologist, declared that concept of self is developed in early childhood and are reevaluated when new social situations are encountered. Cooley’s Theory of the Looking Glass Self states that self- concept isdeveloped when an individual evaluates how others look at and react to him or her. This processhas three steps: o Individual imagines how behavior seems to others.

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