Sociology

Sociology Study Guide

Nature vs. Nurture The classic debate has left many social scientists declaring that it is a combination of both heredity (nature) and environment (nurture) that plays a role in the development of personality and social behavior.

It is now commonly thought that both factors are so inter-related that they cannot be separated or thought of individually.

Nurture is necessary in the positive growth of children. Children are supposed to be cared for and taught.

Socialization through the Lifespan Socialization is a changing, lifelong process. As status changes, individuals mature and experiencenew situations, ideas must be formed and processed; self-images must be reevaluated. Lifespan is considered the amalgamation of the following time periods: • Infancy: Basic motor socialization occurs along with family social structure and bonds developed. • Childhood: Often referred to as primary socialization because children encounter many new roles and situations. • Adolescent youth: Abstract thinking begins in this period of new roles and emerging peer influence. • Mature adulthood: Primary socialization is complete; self-image and values are established. • Old age: Facing impending death and a decrease in physical stamina, individuals accept lower prestige and lose their self-identity. • Death: Elizabeth Kubler-Ross developed five stages of dealing with the death. o Denial: disbelief. o Anger: Asking ‘Why Me?’ o Bargaining: Making deals with a supreme being. o Depression: Extreme sadness; being upset. o Acceptance: peace of mind with what has happened or what will happen. The process of dealing with the loss of a loved one ( bereavement ) is calledmourning. The four phases of mourning are: • Shock (refusing to acknowledge the news) • Protest (refusing to accept the news) • Despair (depression) • Adaptation (accepting and/or beginning to move on and build a new life)

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