Sociology

Sociology Study Guide

Zone Intimate distance Personal distance Social distance Public distance

Description Intimate physical contact Reserved for friends and family No physical contact; usually professional, formal situations The outermost distance that is reserved for everyone else in your environment that is part of the general public, not your other circles of influence or camaraderie

Table 12: Hall's 4 Zones of Personal Space Interaction takes many forms; there are primarily four types: • Exchange: Possible reward or positive outcome dictates behavior toward others. • Cooperation: Achieving a common goal that is difficult to achieve as an individual dictates behavior. • Conflict: Obtaining a prized object or reward dictates behavior, defeat of the opponent is essential. o Competition: A type of conflict, but obtaining the goal or prize is more important that defeating the opponent. • Coercion: The will of one (or a small group) is forced on others, dictating behaviors. The way individuals react to one another has something to do with whether they are connected inany meaningful way in society. Are they simply citizens of the same country, or do they work together? Are they in love with each other? Are they members of the same social network? Each of those situations would call for entirely different sets of social rules and etiquette. A social network is a loosely unified group of people whose members interact on occasion and who share a loose sense of identity. Usually they share a common goal or expectation. Socialnetworks are not strongly bound. The typical individual forms many networks throughout their life; each can have a profound impact on status. The primary functions of any social network are: • To be a primary source of information • To provide companionship • To influence decisions and preferences The term ‘networking’ refers to meeting the right people in the professionalworld. As life progresses, individuals tend to create repetitive patterns of behavior. These are referred to as habits, and they are useful because they enable a person to react to a situation automatically. As society progresses and individuals’ habits are observed and perhaps copied, eventually, the habit becomes shared by most or all of a society. It becomes symbolic of that society. An institution is the collectionof shared

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