Speech

Speech Study Guide

contain full sentences and bibliographies. These outlines allow a speaker to see if their ideas are directly related to the thesis, if material is sufficient and compelling, and if the speaker him/herself is convinced they have made the best effort. Basically, formal outlines serve as a complete blueprint for a speech. Formal outlines are effective for manuscript speeches. Keyword outlines are often used for speeches because they abbreviate a version of the formal outline and are used to remind the speaker of their ideas. However, some components should still be written out completely, such as transitions, statistics, or quotations. Extemporaneous speeches utilize keyword outlines. In order to use outlines effectively, a speaker should examine the basic rules governing them. The principles of outlining identify key components, use consistent labeling, focus on one idea at a time, and coherently develop ideas with supporting material. All of these principles are aimed at helping a speaker ensure their ideas are related and contain enough supporting material. Key elements include speech title, specific purposes, thesis statements, introductions, body, conclusions, transitions, and a bibliography. Outlines also use consistent systems of symbols and indentations. Symbols designate various components of a speech; some components are inevitably more developed than others. Outlines also ensure a speaker is focusing on one idea in eachmain point, while verifying that the speaker is clear. In addition, outlines reflect the relationship between ideas and supporting material. o Invention (an effective speech contains persuading content) o Arrangement (clear organization) o Style (an effective speech uses appropriate language) o Memory (Effective speakers integrate creative content, language, presentational aids, and delivery) o Delivery (effective speakers deliver their speech with confidence, fluency, and strategic retention aids) • Chronological order begins with a specific point in time and moves forward, or backward depending on the subject, and is useful for a variety of topics that deal with processes and historical events. • Spatial order involves arranging items according to their physical position or association. • Categorical order arranges ideas in a way that emphasizes distinct topics that address types, forms, qualities, or aspects of the speech. • Climactic pattern/order begins with a simple idea and progresses to the most difficult idea, from 4.5 Key Terms • A speech plan • Canons of rhetoric is a strategy for achieving the goal of a speech. are:

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