US History

U.S. History Study Guide

• Jacques Marquette Founded Sault Ste. Marie which was Michigan's first European settlement. In addition, he and Louis Jolliet are credited with mapping the northern most point of the Mississippi River. • Robert de LaSalle led an expedition down the Illinois and Mississippi rivers and claimed the entire region watered by the Mississippi and its tributaries for Louis XIV of France, naming the region “Louisiana." He explored the Great Lakes region, as well as the Gulf of Mexico. Parts of this region had been explored earlier by Spanish explorers Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and Hernando De Soto but neither of them claimed it for Spain. 2.9 Dutch (Netherlands) Explorers The Dutch saw the potential of the NewWorld from the wealth the Spanish was acquiring and wanted to colonize a part of the New World for themselves. In 1602, the Dutch East India Company was formed to seek trade around the world. In 1609, Henry Hudson was hired by the Dutch to explore the New World, discovering the land and waterways that would bear his name. Hudson and his crew found a large native population. The native people demonstrated eagerness to trade. In 1621, the Dutch West India Company was chartered. One of its goals was to set up trading posts and forts in the newly-claimed regions along the shore of the Atlantic Ocean. The Dutch claimed territory what would become New York, as well as parts of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. 2.10 English Explorers In 1497 England sponsored an expedition to the New World headed by John Cabot , who explored a part of Newfoundland and reported an abundance of rawmaterials. The English showed little interest in exploration until the mid-sixteenth century. In the seventeenth century, the English would take the lead in colonizing North America, establishing settlements all along the Atlantic coast. • Sir Humphrey Gilbert was determined to find a sea route through the northern waters of North America. He successfully sailed to North America and landed in Newfoundland. • Sir Walter Raleigh led expeditions and attempted to establish a colony near Roanoke Island on the coast of what is now North Carolina but what was then called Virginia in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen. 2.11 European Effects on Native Population The population of Native Americans in North America was ravaged by European colonization in the following ways: violence and possible genocide at the hands of European explorers and colonists, epidemic diseases brought from Europe, displacement from their lands, enslavement, and internal warfare.

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