US History

U.S. History Study Guide

colonists were massacred. There were no North American territory gains or losses on both sides. Queen Anne's War War was fought in Europe, but would result in a war in North America and lead to the second big inter-colonial conflict, Queen Anne's War, fought from 1702 to 1713. This war was named for the Queen of England. The main conflict in America was between the French and English colonies, but would involve Spain to a lesser extent. The English colonies faced forces in all directions. The fighting ended in 1713 and England gained territory, which gave them strategically strong positions in Canada. King George's War Another inter-colonial war fought between the three North American powers, was the King George’s War. This war involved France and England as the major contributors and Spain which allied itself with France once again. Historians argue over the catalyst of the conflict, but many point to an incident involving a man named Robert Jenkins and refer to this as theWar of Jenkins’s Ear. The story began when a Spanish commander chopped off the ear of English merchant captain Robert Jenkins and told him to take that to his king, George II. This occurred in 1731 and Jenkins finally told English Parliament in 1738 and war broke out in 1739 between Spain and Britain, but was confined to the Caribbean Sea and the English colony of Georgia. This incident would merge with a greater war brewing in Europe. France and Spain would ally against England once again. The war embodied the same violent border raids as the previous wars and all sides received help from different Native tribes. Eventually all sides signed a peace treaty, giving back conquered land from that conflict and resulting in no real changes in North America's control. 4.16 The Albany Plan In order to create a confederated front, colonial delegates gathered in Albany, New York to create a wartime colonial unification. Benjamin Franklin drew up the Albany Plan, which called for the colonies to unify against French and Native American threats. The Albany Plan, attempted to establish a unified colonial government. Although there were many other smaller confederations throughout the colonies' history there was never a plan as large and significant as this, but the plan was rejected by the colonies. British officials did not push for the union because they were wary of the powerful colonial structure it would create. 4.17 The French and Indian War Tensions between the British and French in North America had continually risen after each conflict and finally reached its boiling point. The French and Indian War began in 1753, when a young officer

©2018

Achieve

Page 51

of 194