US History

U.S. History Study Guide

Europe looked to see how the United States would react. Washington’s response was Proclamation of Neutrality, when people said the French helped the United States, Washington reminded them it was the French monarchy who aided the American Revolution, not the revolutionary government of France. American merchants still traded with both sides, though the best business in the U.S. was with the French in the West Indies. The British were furious and retaliated by seizing American merchant ships and forcing their crews into service with the British navy. Jay’s Treaty with Britain John Jay negotiated a treaty with the British which tried to settle their conflict at sea, and try to prevent British instigating their Native American allies to attack citizens on the western borders of the U.S. The agreement settled few of the issues, yet bought time for the new nation in the international conflict. Jay was heavily criticized for his efforts and was even hanged in effigy (a doll of his likeness was hung publicly), but the Senate had to accept the treaty, it was the best this young country could do in order to stay out of the war. The Pinckney Treaty (Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid) Thomas Pinckney was invited to the Spanish court in 1795 to strengthen what Madrid perceived to be her deteriorating position on the American frontier. The result was the Pinckney Treaty, ratified by the Senate in 1796, in which the Spanish opened the Mississippi River to American traffic, including the right of deposit in the port city of New Orleans, and recognized the 31 st parallel as the northern boundary of Florida. 8.10 Frontier Problems Native Americans on the Northwest and Southwest borders were resisting the United States movement on their lands. British authorities in Canada were encouraging the Native Americans in their efforts to stop frontier settlements. In 1794, General Anthony Wayne decisively defeated the Native Americans at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, and the resulting Treaty of Greenville would theoretically clear the Ohio territory of Native American tribes. 8.11 Treaty of Greenville The Treaty of Greenville was signed in what is now Greenville, Ohio on August 3, 1795 following the Native American loss at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. A coalition of Native American tribes, known as the Western Confederacy, and the frontier settlers of the United States met and officially ended the war. In exchange for goods (such as blankets and domestic animals), the tribe’s relinquished large parts of modern day Ohio. The treaty also established the "Greenville Treaty Line," which would be a boundary between the Native American territory and lands open to U.S. settlers. The U.S. would disregard the treaty line as they continued to expand further past the line westward into Native American lands.

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