Anatomy & Physiology I and II

First page Table of contents Next page Last page
AP -- ATP SG -- Book Interior -- Updated 04.24.20183
Chapter 1: Basic Anatomical Terminology14
1.1 Superficial Anatomy15
1.2 Sectional Anatomy17
1.3 Chapter One Review20
Chapter 2: General Organization of the Body21
2.1 Hierarchy of Organization21
2.2 General Breakdown of Organ Systems22
2.3 Maintenance of the Internal Environment23
2.4 Chapter Two Review25
2.5 Chapter Two Practice Exam26
Chapter 3: Cellular Level of Organization27
3.1 Cell Structure27
3.2 Material Transport28
3.3 Cell Life Cycle33
3.4 Chapter Three Review34
3.5 Chapter Three Practice Exam37
Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization38
4.1 Epithelial Tissue38
4.2 Connective Tissue41
4.3 Muscle Tissue43
4.4 Neural Tissue45
4.5 Tissue Repair45
4.6 Chapter Four Review46
4.7 Chapter Four Practice Exam50
Chapter 5: The Chemical Level of Organization51
5.1 Atoms51
5.2 Chemical Bonding52
5.3 Types of Chemical Reactions54
5.4 Electrolytes and Body Fluids54
5.5 Carbohydrates55
5.6 Lipids56
5.7 Proteins56
5.8 DNA and RNA58
5.9 ATP59
5.10 Chapter Five Review60
5.11 Chapter Five Practice Exam63
Chapter 6: The Integumentary System64
6.1 The Cutaneous Membrane65
6.2 Accessory Structures68
6.3 Integumentary Injury and Repair71
6.4 Burns and Grafts72
6.5 Aging72
6.6 Chapter Six Review73
6.7 Chapter Six Practice Exam76
Chapter 7: Bone and Osseous Tissue77
7.1 Bone Classification77
7.2 Bone Structure77
7.3 Bone Composition78
7.4 Bone Types80
7.5 Bone Parts80
7.6 Bone Formation and Growth80
7.7 Fractures83
7.8 Aging83
7.9 Chapter Seven Review84
7.10 Chapter Seven Practice Exam86
Chapter 8: The Skeletal System87
8.1 Axial Skeleton87
8.2 Appendicular Skeleton91
8.3 Chapter Eight Review95
8.4 Chapter Eight Practice Exam98
Chapter 9: Joints and Articulations99
9.1 Classification of Joints99
9.2 Movement of Joints101
9.3 Types of Synovial Joints102
9.4 Intervertebral Discs103
9.5 Intervertebral Ligaments103
9.6 Chapter Nine Review104
9.7 Chapter Nine Practice Exam106
Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue107
10.1 Skeletal Muscle107
10.2 Cardiac Muscle Tissue Structural Characteristics113
10.4 Chapter Ten Review115
10.5 Chapter Ten Practice Exam118
Chapter 11: The Muscular System120
11.1 Muscle Classification120
11.2 Levers121
11.3 Origins and Insertions121
11.4 Accessory Muscles121
11.5 Skeletal Muscle Names121
11.6 Aging122
11.7 Chapter Eleven Review123
11.8 Chapter Eleven Practice Exam125
Chapter 12: Structural Divisions of The Nervous System: Brain and Cranial Nerves126
12.1 Brain Regions and Landmarks127
12.2 Embryology of the Brain128
12.3 Ventricles of the Brain128
12.4 Protection and Support of the Brain129
12.5 The Blood Supply to the Brain130
12.6 The Cerebrum131
12.7 The Basal Nuclei131
12.8 Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex132
12.9 Association Areas132
12.10 Integrative Centers133
12.11 Brain Functions133
12.12 The Limbic System137
12.13 The Electroencephalogram (EEG)137
12.14 Cranial Nerves138
12.15 Chapter Twelve Review140
12.16 Chapter Twelve Practice Exam144
Chapter 13: Neural Tissue145
13.1 Divisions of the Nervous System Structural145
13.2 Neurons146
13.3 Structure146
13.4 Structural Classification147
13.5 Functional Classification148
13.6 Neuroglia149
13.7 Transmembrane Potential150
13.8 Action Potential153
13.9 Synapses155
13.10 Neurotransmitters156
13.11 Neuromodulators156
13.12 Postsynaptic Potentials157
13.13 Chapter Thirteen Review157
13.14 Chapter Thirteen Practice Exam162
Chapter 14: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves163
14.1 Gross Anatomy of the Spinal Cord163
14.2 Spinal Meninges165
14.3 Gray and White Matter166
14.4 Anatomy of Spinal Nerves166
14.5 Neuronal Pools167
14.6 Reflexes167
14.7 Reinforcement and Inhibition170
14.8 Chapter Fourteen Review171
14.9 Chapter Fourteen Practice Exam174
Chapter 15: Functional Divisions of the Nervous System: Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System175
15.1 The Somatic Nervous System175
15.2 Levels of Processing and Motor Control176
15.3 The Autonomic Nervous System177
15.4 Higher Order Functions178
15.5 Aging180
15.6 Chapter Fifteen Review181
15.7 Chapter Fifteen Practice Exam185
Chapter 16: Senses186
16.1 Sensory Receptors186
16.2 General Sensory Receptors188
16.3 Somatic Sensory Pathways189
16.4 Visceral Sensory Pathways190
16.5 Olfaction190
16.6 Gustation190
16.7 Sight191
16.8 Hearing and Balance198
16.9 Chapter Sixteen Review202
16.10 Chapter Sixteen Practice Exam207
Chapter 17: The Endocrine System208
17.1 Hormones208
17.2 Pituitary Gland211
17.3 Thyroid Gland213
17.4 Parathyroid Glands213
17.5 Suprarenal Glands213
17.6 The Pineal Gland215
17.7 Pancreas215
17.8 Secondary Endocrine Organs215
17.9 Cell Response to Hormones217
17.10 Role of Hormones in Growth217
17.11 The Alarm Phase218
17.12 The Effects of Hormones on Behavior218
17.13 Aging and Hormone Production218
17.14 Chapter Seventeen Review219
17.15 Chapter Seventeen Practice Exam223
Chapter 18: Blood224
18.1 Blood224
18.2 Characteristics of Blood224
18.3 Blood Composition224
18.4 Red Blood Cells226
18.5 White Blood Cells229
18.6 Platelets231
18.7 Hemostasis232
18.8 Chapter Eighteen Review235
18.9 Chapter Eighteen Practice Exam238
Chapter 19: The Heart240
19.1 An Introduction to the Cardiovascular System240
19.2 The Pericardium240
19.3 Superficial Anatomy of the Heart240
19.4 Internal Anatomy and Organization242
19.5 The Blood Supply to the Heart244
19.6 Cardiac Physiology245
19.7 The Electrocardiogram247
19.8 The Action Potential in Cardiac Muscle Cells247
19.9 Cardiac Cycle248
19.10 Heart Sounds249
19.11 Hormones250
19.12 Chapter Nineteen Review252
19.13 Chapter Nineteen Practice Exam255
Chapter 20: Blood Vessels and Circulation256
20.1 Blood Vessels256
20.2 Arteries257
20.3 Capillaries258
20.4 Vasomotion260
20.5 Veins262
20.6 Venous Valves262
20.7 The Distribution of Blood262
20.8 Blood Pressure263
20.9 Autoregulation, Neural Mechanisms, and Endocrine Responses266
20.10 Vascular Supply to Special Regions268
20.11 Systemic Arteries270
20.12 Systemic Veins273
20.13 The Hepatic Portal System274
20.14 Placental Blood Supply274
20.15 Fetal Circulation in the Heart and Great Vessels275
20.16 Aging275
20.17 Chapter Twenty Review275
20.18 Chapter Twenty Practice Exam280
Chapter 21: The Lymphatic System281
21.1 Anatomy281
21.2 Lymphatic Vessels281
21.3 Lymphocytes282
21.4 Lymphocyte Production282
21.5 Lymphoid Tissues282
21.6 Lymph Flow283
21.7 The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses285
21.8 Properties of Immunity288
21.9 Hormones of the Immune System290
21.10 Immune Disorders291
21.11 Aging291
21.12 Chapter Twenty-One Review291
21.13 Chapter Twenty-One Practice Exam296
Chapter 22: Respiratory System297
22.1 Functions of the Respiratory System297
22.2 Organization of the Respiratory System298
22.3 Upper Respiratory System298
22.4 Lower Respiratory System300
22.5 Respiration303
22.6 The Gas Laws307
22.7 The Respiratory Centers of the Brain308
22.8 Aging309
22.9 Chapter Twenty-Two Review309
22.10 Chapter Twenty-Two Practice Exam314
Chapter 23: The Digestive System315
23.1 Functions of the Digestive System315
23.2 The Digestive Organs and the Peritoneum315
23.3 The Movement of Digestive Materials316
23.4 Control of Digestive Functions317
23.5 The Oral Cavity317
23.6 The Pharynx319
23.7 The Esophagus319
23.8 Stomach321
23.9 The Small Intestine322
23.10 Large Intestines322
23.11 The Rectum322
23.12 Secondary Digestive Organs323
23.13 Digestion324
23.14 Nutrition325
23.15 Aging325
23.16 Chapter Twenty-Three Review326
23.17 Chapter Twenty-Three Practice Exam331
Chapter 24: The Urinary System332
24.1 The Kidneys332
24.2 Internal Structure of Kidneys333
24.3 Tubular Transport Factors335
24.4 Transport of Specific Substances335
24.5 Diuresis336
24.6 Hormonal Involvement336
24.7 Aging337
24.8 Chapter Twenty-Four Review337
24.9 Chapter Twenty-Four Practice Exam338
Chapter 25: The Reproductive System339
25.1 Male Reproductive System339
25.2 Spermatogenesis341
25.3 The Male Reproductive Tract342
25.4 Hormones and Male Reproductive Function344
25.5 Female Reproductive System345
25.6 The Uterus347
25.7 Hormones and the Female Reproductive Cycle349
25.8 Sexual Function350
25.9 Aging351
25.10 Chapter Twenty-Five Review351
25.11 Chapter Twenty-Five Practice Exam354
Chapter 26: Development and Inheritance355
26.1 Prenatal355
26.2 Postnatal358
26.3 Genetics and Inheritance359
26.4 Chapter Twenty-Six Review362
26. 5 Chapter Twenty-Five Practice Exam366
Answer Keys367

Made with FlippingBook Annual report