Anatomy & Physiology I and II

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide • The two types of sweat glands, or sudoriferous glands, are apocrine and merocrine sweat glands. Apocrine sweat glands produce an odorous secretion. The more numerous merocrine, or eccrine, sweat glands produce a watery secretion known as sensible perspiration. • Mammary glands of the breasts are structurally similar to apocrine sweat glands. Ceruminous glands in the ear produce a waxy substance called cerumen. Nails are keratinized epidermal cells that protect the tips of fingers and toes: • The nail body of a nail covers the nail bed. Nail production occurs at the nail root, which is overlain by the cuticle, or eponychium. The free edge of the nail extends over the hyponychium. Several steps are involved in repairing the integument following an injury: • Based on the division of stem cells, the skin can regenerate effectively even after considerable damage. The process begins with bleeding and includes the formation of a scab, granulation tissue, and scar tissue. Effects of aging include dermal thinning, wrinkling, and reduced melanocyte activity: • With aging, the integument thins, blood flow decreases, cellular activity decreases, and repairs occur more slowly. The integumentary system provides protection for all other body systems.

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