Developmental Psychology

Chapter 7: Adolescence

Overview In chapter 7, we will be exploring the physical, cognitive and social development of adolescents. There will also be a discussion about conflicts, and the concerns that may come up during this period of time. Adolescent framework is another layer for a strong foundation. This is needed to understand the development of the lifespan. Learning Objectives: At the end of this chapter, you should be able to: • Describe the states of physical development in adolescence • Explain Jean Piaget’s Formal Operational Stage of Development • Explain the principles of adolescent egocentrism proposed by Elkind • Explain research about identity statuses and characteristics by Marica • Recognize the influence of family, peers, and vocations of adolescents 7.1 Physical Development During adolescence, there is a period of growth in a physical manner, aswell as puberty, and maturing sexually. Between 8 and 14 years of age, most adolescents will begin going through puberty. Girls will start going through puberty typically 2 years earlier than boys do. Females between the ages of 9 and 16 will reach menarche but it is important to know that genetics do play a role in the age of menarche. Female sisters will typically start having menstrual periods 13 months apart and twins who are identical will reach menarche approximately 3 months apart. Males and females will experience puberty. Puberty happens when hormones begin to change. One of the triggers of hormones changing and puberty beginning, can be due to environmental changes. Changes in hormones and antibodies can make puberty start earlier. Here are some of the changes that puberty can make in females and in males. • Males o Testicles grow o Penis grows o Development of pubic hair o Experiencing ejaculation o Changing voice o Development of facial hair o Periods of growth in spirts • Females o Breasts develop o Development of pubic hair o First menstrual period o Hips tend to widen o Periods of growth in spirts

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