Human Growth and Development

Chapter 4: Contextual Influences Overview

This chapter delves into the impact of various contexts on human development across the lifespan. We will explore how family dynamics, home environments, and broader societal structures influence a person's cognitive, emotional, and social well-being. Learning Objectives At the end of this chapter, you should be able to: ●​ Understand the influence of family, home, and society. ●​ Describe life transitions and their challenges. ●​ Understand the various factors involved in death and dying. The family unit is the foundation of social and emotional development throughout life. Family structures and dynamics shape experiences, influence behavior, and evolve as individuals progress through different life stages. Societal factors also impact how families function and interact. Family Relationships Family relationships provide the foundation for social and emotional development, shaping how individuals interact with others throughout life. Among these relationships, the bond between siblings plays a unique role, influencing personality, social skills, and emotional resilience in both childhood and adulthood. Sibling Relationships Siblings play an essential role in social and emotional development, often forming lifelong bonds. ●​ Sibling rivalry is common, particularly in early childhood and adolescence, when children seek attention and approval. ●​ Siblings offer companionship, support, and shared experiences, contributing to social skills and emotional resilience. Birth Order Theory Alfred Adler studied how birth order influences personality: ●​ Only Children: Strong verbal and creative skills but may face social challenges. ●​ Firstborns: Often high achievers in academics or leadership roles. ●​ Middle Children: Tend to be adaptable and social, seeking independence. ●​ Youngest Children: Often outgoing and creative, sometimes seen as attention-seeking. Family dynamics, sibling age gaps, and household environment can shape birth order effects, making outcomes unique to each family. ●​ Identify the influence of school, work, and interventions on development. A. Family, Home, and Society Throughout the Lifespan

© 2025 ACHIEVE ULTIMATE CREDIT-BY-EXAM GUIDE | HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT