Human Growth and Development

Researchers must carefully consider the following before using deception:

●​ Is deception necessary? Are there alternative methods to achieve valid results without misleading participants? ●​ Are the risks minimal? Deception should not cause harm beyond what people experience in daily life. ●​ Debriefing is required: ＞ ​ After the study, researchers must explain the true purpose and the reason for deception . ＞ ​ Participants must be given the option to withdraw their data if they feel uncomfortable. Example: In a study on conformity, participants might not be told they are being tested on peer pressure. Afterward, a debriefing explains the real purpose and why deception was used. Additional Considerations ●​ Institutional Review Boards (IRBs): ＞ ​ All research must be reviewed and approved by an IRB before it is conducted. ＞ ​ This ensures that ethical guidelines are followed. ＞ ​ The researcher is not the final authority —external oversight is required . ●​ Minimal Risk Rule: ＞ ​ Deception can only be used if the risk is no greater than what people experience in daily life . ＞ ​ Researchers must justify why deception is necessary.

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