Human Growth and Development

The table below summarizes the developmental milestones that are crucial in the growth and development:

Age

Physical

Communication

Emotional

Cognitive

0-3 months

Can push up on their tummy (6 weeks).

Crying, Cooing & Gurgling

Reacts to discomfort & pain, makes eye contact, self-soothes

Cries for attention, listens to voices/sounds attentively, and discovers hands/feet. Repeats enjoyable acts, Recognizes and responds to their own name, focuses intently on objects .

4-6 months

Hold head steady, roll over both ways, bring hands to mouth, sit w/out support.

Babbling

Self-awareness (separate self from parents and others)

9 months Crawling, sitting w/out support, pulls from sitting to standing position.

Babbling continued

Social referencing (look to others for cues on how to react) E.g. smile at a stranger, and cry when in danger. Social referencing (look to others for cues on how to react) E.g. smile at a stranger, and cry when in danger. Copy others’ actions (clapping, winking, etc.) Understands object ownership, Recognize 'you' and 'me', Cooperation and shared goals, Seek comfort from caregivers, Early vocalizations including tantrums Shows excitement when seeing other children, Development of self-conscious emotions (guilt, shame, and pride), Understanding others’ emotions, Shows affection for friends.

Copy sounds and gestures made by others.

12 months

Standing and pulling up against objects.

First words- mama & dada, communicates yes or no by shaking head, waves ‘bye bye’

Can place objects into containers (e.g., block in a cup), Search for hidden objects (e.g., toys under a blanket), Use objects correctly (e.g., a cup to drink, a comb for hair). Comprehends simple instructions, Shows curiosity, Points to objects when named, Copies you doing chores, and plays with toys. Find hidden objects, distinguish shapes and colors, remember lines from favorite books, understand rules.

Walks while holding onto furniture.

18 months

Most children walk unsupported.

Knows 5-40 words

2 years

Can go on tiptoes, run, climb small steps, eat using a spoon, get dressed with help.

150-300 words 2-4-word sentences Remembers names and repeats words

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