N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice

N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice Study Guide • Provide measurable objectives and goals that are applicable at the national, state, and local levels • Engage multiple sectors to take actions to strengthen policies and improve practices that are driven by the best available evidence and knowledge • Identify critical research, evaluation, and data collection needs The goals of the Healthy People Initiative are to: • Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death • Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups • Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all • Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages The health indicators included in Healthy People 2020 are grouped into four major categories. These indicators will be used to measure movement toward the goals: • General health status: Measures of general health status provide information on the health of a population. o Life expectancy at birth and at age 65 o Healthy life expectancy: Expected years of life in good health, free of limitation of activity and free of chronic disease o Years of potential life lost: Measures premature mortality or early death o Self-assessed health status: A measure of how an individual perceives his or her health, rating it as excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor o Limitation of activity: A long-term reduction in a person’s ability to do his or her usual activities, including ADLs, play, school or work, remembering, and other limitations caused by physical, mental, or emotional problems o Chronic disease prevalence: Chronic disease causes seven out of ten deaths each year • Health-related quality of life and well-being o Physical, mental, and social health-related quality of life o Well-being and satisfaction o Participation in common activities • Determinants of health: A range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status are known as determinants of health. Determinants of health include such things as biology, genetics, individual behavior, access to health services, and the environment in which people are born, live, learn, play, work, and age. Examples of determinants of health include: o Availability of healthy food, education resources, and job opportunities o Access to healthcare (availability and cost) o Exposure to crime and violence o Exposure to mass media and emerging technologies

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