N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice

N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice Study Guide of 154 in communities, marriage counseling, sex education, genetic screening, and periodic selective examinations. Secondary Prevention Secondary prevention focuses on individuals who are experiencing health problems or illnesses and who are at risk for developing complications or worsening conditions. This is the level of prevention that focuses on treatment. It refers to measures to arrest a disease process already initiated in order to prevent further complications and sequelae, limit disability, and prevent death. Much of the nursing care related to secondary prevention is delivered in homes, hospitals, or skilled nursing facilities and includes screening techniques and treating early stages of disease to limit disability by delaying the consequences of advanced disease. Tertiary Prevention Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. Activities are directed at rehabilitation and recovery, rather than diagnosis and treatment. Care at this level is directed at helping individuals achieve as high a level of functioning as possible, despite the limitations caused by illness or impairment. This level of care is preventive care because it involves preventing further disability or reduced function. 7.4 Practice Roles and Settings The community-based nurse can work in a variety of roles and settings. The nurse may provide care in a home, clinic, nursing home, adult day care center, hospice facility, school, place of work, or residential center, such as a retirement community. Some possible roles of the nurse include caregiver, case manager, health educator, counselor, referral source, role model, and advocate. 7.5 Community Health Systems The community nurse must be aware of health organizations that can be utilized for information, assistance, or both. The World Health Organization (WHO) is a global organization that provides services to promote health worldwide. The American RedCross (ARC) is an organization in the United States that is part of the international Red Cross organization, which provides health and safety programs and disaster relief. Medicare is the federal health insurance program for the elderly and disabled. Medicaid is a joint federal and state program that provides assistance to lower income individuals and families who need help with medical expenses. Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is the federal program, often augmented at the state level, which is paid to the family at the time of death or disability as a replacement for earnings lost. States and local governments and health departments may have assistance and health screening available for use as well. ©2017 Achieve Test Prep Page 100