N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice

N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice Study Guide character and intensity, aggravating/alleviating factors, timing, environment, and severity). • Loss, actual: The actual loss of an individual, object, or skill. • Loss, anticipatory: Loss that includes feelings of loss, concern for the dying person, balancing conflicting demands, and preparing for death. • Loss, developmental: A loss that occurs naturally as a result of the maturation process. • Loss, perceived: A loss that is felt by the individual but may not be obvious to another person. • Loss, situational: A loss resulting from the alteration of an individual’s life situation. • Malleus: Also called the hammer, this is one of the three bony ossicle that passes vibrations from the TM to the incus. • Massage: The manipulation of superficial and deeper layers of muscle and connective tissue to promote relaxation andwell-being. • Medicaid: A joint federal and state program providing medical assistance to low-income individuals. • Medicare: A federal health insurance program for the elderly and disabled. • Meniere’s disease: An inner ear disorder that affects balance and hearing and occurs when a part of the canal, called the endolymphatic sac, becomes swollen. • Modulation: Special pathways in the spinal cord that can lead to an increase in the transmission of pain impulses (excitation) or a decrease in transmission(inhibition). • Morbidity rate: The incidence of a disease in a population at a given point in time. • Mortality rate: The number of deaths from all causes (or a specific disease) in a given population during a specific period of time. • Music therapy: An established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals. • Myopia: Also called nearsightedness, this is a condition in which the focusing power (refraction) of the eye is greater than that required for clear vision of distant objects. • Neuropathic pain: Pain that results from damage to nerves. • Nociceptive pain: Pain that stems from an injury to the body’s tissues like bone, soft tissue, or organs. • Non-verbal communication: The use of body language to send a message without the use of words. • Optic nerve: This nerve transmits from the retina to the brain and is Cranial nerve 2. • Otitis media (OM): This is commonly called an ear infection. This is an inflammation of the middle ear, usually caused by bacteria, that occurs when fluid builds up behind the eardrum. • Otosclerosis: An abnormal bone growth in the middle ear that causes hearing loss. • Pain threshold: The point at which a stimulus, usually one associated with pressure or temperature, activates pain receptors and produces a sensation of pain. • Pain tolerance: The maximum level of pain that an individual can tolerate at any particular point in time. • Pain: An unpleasant feeling that is conveyed to the brain by sensory neurons.

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