N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice

N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice Study Guide

Havighurst’s Developmental Tasks During this period, the developmental tasks include helping children to become responsible adults, relating to one’s partner, maintaining satisfactory performance in a career, fulfilling social and civic responsibilities, developing meaningful leisure activities, adjusting to the physiological changes of middle adulthood, and managing aging parents. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Expected outcome: Generativity vs. stagnation During this stage, work is most crucial. Middle-age is when the individual tends to be occupied with creative andmeaningful work and with issues surrounding the family. Also, middle adulthood is when there is an expectation to “be in charge.” The significant task is to perpetuate culture and transmit values of the culture through the family, while working to establish a stable environment. Strength comes through care of others and production of something that contributes to the betterment of society, often called generativity, so when the individual is in this stage, he may fear inactivity and meaninglessness. As the children leave home, or as relationships or goals change, the individual may be faced with major life changes, also known as the mid-life crisis, and may struggle with finding newmeanings and purposes. If adults do not get through this stage successfully, they can become self-absorbed and stagnate. Significant relationships are within the workplace, community, and family. The middle-aged adult may be beginning to have more health problems and may be more willing to learn and follow treatment regimens. Kohlberg’s Moral Development Post-conventional level: As adults, individuals begin to understand that people have different opinions about morality and that rules and laws vary from group to group and culture to culture. Morality is seen as upholding the values of one’s group or culture. Understanding personal beliefs allows the adult to judge him/herself and others based upon higher levels of morality. In this stage, what is right and wrong is based upon the circumstances surrounding an action. The basics of morality are the foundation, with independent thought playing an important role. Gilligan's Moral Development Post-conventional level: In this level, the focus is on women caring for self and others. Women see the need for balance and responsibility of caring for self and caring for others. Fowler’s Spiritual Development Conjunctive faith: In this stage, the person begins to expand their world beyond the black and white stance of the prior stage, toward a “shades of gray”orientation where the answers (and the power of the rational mind to figure them out) are not so clear. People in this stage are willing to engage in dialogue with those of other faiths in the belief that they might learn something that will allow them to correct their own truths. Middle-aged adults often find comfort in religion when faced with illness or the death of a loved one.

©2017

Achieve Test Prep

Page 17

of 154