N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice

N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice Study Guide the adult to judge him/herself and others based upon higher levels of morality. In this stage, what is right and wrong is based upon the circumstances surrounding an action. Basics of morality are the foundation, with independent thought playing an important role. Fowler’s Spiritual Development Universalizing faith: Fowler maintains that few people ever reach this stage of faith. People who reach this stage are able to sacrifice their own well-being to that of the cause of love and justice. 1.10 Factors Influencing Growth, Development, Functional Ability, and Health Genetics Inherited diseases and chromosomal abnormalities may influence the individual’s functional abilities. A genetic assessment and family history can help the nurse identify possible genetic issues. An example of a genetic factor is a person’s temperament. A baby with a happy temperament is more likely to cooperate when a parent tries to encourage them to walk. Gender Males and females will develop and mature at different rates. Development has different effects on the male than the female. During childbearing years, a woman may feel added stress as she experiences pregnancy, childbirth, and child rearing. Women may experience stress at the time of menopause due to changes in hormones. After menopause, the risk of cardiovascular disease in women increases. Women cannot conceive a child after menopause, but men continue to be able to father children late in life. Men may experience stress as they feel the pressures to be the breadwinner and father. Age Infants depend on their senses to experience the world and are totally dependent on their caregivers for feelings of safety and security. As toddlers develop new motor skills, appropriate toys and constant supervision must be provided. Preschool and school-age children are exploring the world outside of the family, and need supervision and protection while being allowed to explore. Young children and older adults are at risk for falls and accidental injuries. Individual Preferences and Patterns An individual’s choices can impact their overall health. The older adult may prefer to live with their adult child and depend on them for help when needed, or they may choose to live alone or in an assisted living facility. Physical Condition In order to grow and develop the individual must get adequate rest, but the requirements for sleep vary by age. Infants and young children require more sleep; older adults may find their sleep disrupted and some may experience insomnia. Aging typically results in decreased hearing, vision, and other sensations. In addition, with increasing age, the adult may be more prone to being on

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