N213: Health Differences Across the Life Span 3

N213: Health Differences Across the Lifespan 3 Study Guide

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©2017 Achieve Test Prep Page 202 of 204 C Relief measures for pain and discomfort should always be a priority with degenerative joint disease since the primary manifestation is pain. Diarrhea is not related to this disease. Physical activity should be as tolerated, and contacting Muscle weakness and fatigue are the main manifestations of myasthenia gravis. This can affect pulmonary ventilation and increased breathing efforts. Ineffective breathing pattern would be a priority nursing diagnosis for this condition. In A Since a myelogram involves injecting dye into the spinal canal, it should be treated the same as a lumbar puncture. 57 D When estrogen replacement is used in osteoporosis, it helps to decrease the rate of bone resorption and slows the rate of bone loss. This helps to decrease bone pain and increases tolerance to physical activity. 56 58 43 A With diverticulitis, patients need to be taught to report any signs and symptoms of acute exacerbation or infection. The signs and symptoms include narrowed stools with pus, blood, and mucous. Patient may be NPO if the exacerbation is seve 44 A Anti-emetics to induce vomiting are the emergency treatment for aspirin poisoning. Syrup of ipecac is the medication of choice. Vomiting stops the absorption of aspirin and is not contraindicated since aspirin will not burn the esophagus. D Physical activity needs to be limited for three weeks following inguinal hernia repair. This will promote healing and there is no indication that these patients need to wait three months. 46 C The priority lifestyle modifications for gastritis is to refrain from smoking and alcohol use. Alcohol will irritate the gastric mucosa and nicotine inhibits gastric acid from being neutralized. Spices and seasoned food should be avoided, D Ulceration and necrosis are the main characteristics of a pressure ulcer. Stage one pressure ulcers are characterized by shiny lesions with erythema. Blisters and erosions are stage two. Foul-smelling drainage is stage four. 48 A Systemic lupus erythematosus is primarily treated with corticosteroids. Antibiotics are sometimes used to calm the immune system and anti-hypertensive’s may be given in later stages. Catecholamines are not used in SLE. C Snellen charts are used to measure vision at a distance of 20 feet, hence the term 20/20. Audiometers check hearing, and tuning forks and retinal angiography are not used to check vision. 50 A Pulling a patient up in bed against the sheets can cause shearing force to broken-down skin. In order to protect skin, a draw sheet and two people should be used to pull a patient up in bed. A EEG testing is used to record the electrical activity of the brain. It can be used to diagnose coma, CVA, brain activity, and seizures. EMG detects skeletal muscle activity and ECG detects electrical activity of the heart. 52 A For epigastric discomfort the most appropriate nursing diagnosis is “pain, related to effects of gastric acid secretions on gastric tissue.” 53 B If a patient believes that calcium will cause arthritis because she was told by another family member, then it is a health belief. Patient teaching can resolve this issue. 54 B Children recovering from surgery for Legg-Calve-Perthes disease do best in a Spica cast to immobilize the hips and legs and keep them abducted and aligned so the femoral head can heal. Air splints, harness braces, and skeletal traction are 45 47 49 51 55 B