N213: Health Differences Across the Life Span 3

N213: Health Differences Across the Lifespan 3 Study Guide

No.

Answer

Rationale

59

A

With an injury to the C-spine, the most important priority goal during initial care is maintaining a patent airway. Swelling to the spine can radiate down to the C4 area that controls the diaphragm so the patient’s respiratory status must The primary manifestations of increased ICP are bradycardia and a wide pulse pressure. Evidence of gag reflex is positive, watching urine output is ongoing, and increased temperature with elevated pulse should be assessed but not considere Restricting visitors is not a helpful intervention with Huntington’s disease and lack of social contact may increase anxiety levels. It is important to pad side rails for safety, encourage a low stress environment, and allow time to finish Increased urine output shows an effective response to the drug Osmitrol and a possible reduction in ICP, since this drug pulls fluid from swollen cerebral cells.

60

D

61

D

62

A

63 B The standard diagnostic tool used for CVA is CT scanning. It can find if the CVA is ischemic or hemorrhagic. 64 B Pain is always the highest priority with slipped femoral epiphysis. Patients suffer from pain in the groin, hip, thigh, and knee. After the patient demonstrates and verbalizes increased comfort, then other areas can be addressed.

65

A

When muscle shortening is noted over a joint area, this indicates contractures. Muscle atrophy is muscle wasting. Arthritis is inflammation in the joints, and osteoporosis is bone loss.

©2017 Achieve Test Prep Page 203 of 204 D When a patient suffers a CVA, rehabilitation needs to be focused on the patient carrying out activities of daily living as independently as possible. Pain control is important, but not a focus of restoring ADLs. 70 C Any change of consciousness in a patient with dilated unilateral pupil is a medical emergency and could be a sign of increasing ICP. 71 A A laminectomy involves removing a portion of the lamina to reach the nerve root and disc fragments. 72 D In teaching a patient with Parkinson’s to ambulate more effectively, techniques such as rocking from side to side to help start the legs moving can be very helpful. 73 B To prevent aspiration and choking in any patient with dysphagia, have the patient sit straight up and place the chin to chest when swallowing. 74 D Getting blood cultures drawn prior to initiating treatment will ensure they are accurate. Treatment can hinder bacterial growth in the lab such as with antibiotic use. 75 B Heat is not an acceptable intervention for a soft tissue injury. Rest, ice, compression, and elevation are necessary for healing (otherwise known as R. I. C. E.). 76 C When the ICP is elevated, it causes the contents of the brain to herniate through the foramen magnum and can cause death if not relieved immediately. 77 D Any strain caused by suctioning and coughing can cause a transient increase in ICP. Reading and eyestrain do not cause increased ICP. 66 B It is important to avoid using a body part that has paresthesia, since the sensations are decreased and injury could occur. Therapy should be focused on building up the unaffected side to use as the dominant side. 67 D Traction helps to maintain anatomic alignment to facilitate proper healing. Traction does not have anything to do with mass and muscle strength and does not prevent demineralization that occurs with immobility. Traction also does not preve The standard of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis is salicylates and other NSAID’s. Acetaminophen may relieve pain, but is not as effective since it is not an anti-inflammatory. 68 C 69