NCLEX-PN

Stage

Conflict

Virtue

Description

Infancy Birth through 18 months

Trust (or mistrust) that basic needs, such as nourishment and affection, will be met

Trust vs. Mistrust

Hope

Early Childhood age 18 months – 3 years

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Develop a sense of independence in many tasks Take initiative on some activities—may develop guilt when unsuccessful or boundaries overstepped Develop self-confidence in abilities when competent or sense of inferiority when not Experiment with and develop identity and roles Establish intimacy and relationships with others

Will

Play Age 3–6 years

Initiative vs. Guilt

Purpose

School Age 6–12 years

Industry vs. Inferiority

Competence

Adolescence 12–18 years

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Fidelity

Young Adulthood (19–40 years)

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Love

Adulthood (40–65 years)

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Care

Contribute to society and be part of a family

Old Age (65 years to death)

Assess and make sense of life and meaning of contributions

Integrity vs. Despair

Wisdom

Source: Simply Psychology

Unveiling Psychosexual Development: Insights from Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud, a trailblazer in psychotherapy, introduced the concepts of id, ego, and superego, along with defense mechanisms such as sublimation and suppression. The id , operating on immediate gratification, influences infancy. The ego represents self-control, while the superego embodies the conscience. He also outlined five stages of psychosexual development . Freud's five psychosexual stages include:

Stage

Age Range* Erogenous Zone(s)

Consequences of Fixation

Orally Aggressive : This involves behaviors like chewing gum or biting the ends of pens. Orally Passive : It encompasses activities such as smoking, eating, kissing, or engaging in oral sex. Anal-retentive : People who fixate at this stage may exhibit an obsession with excessive neatness and organization. Anal-expulsive : Fixation can lead to reckless, careless, defiant, and disorganized behavior, sometimes involving an unusual interest in feces (coprophilia).

0 – 18 months

Oral

Mouth

18 – 36 months

Anal

Anus

160

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