NCLEX-PN

At this stage, children experience the Oedipus Complex (in boys according to Freud) and the Electra Complex (according to Jung, not Freud, for girls). These complexes involve sexual attraction and rivalry with the parent of the opposite sex. Fixation at this stage is uncommon, but if it occurs, it tends to result in individuals experiencing extreme sexual dissatisfaction. Consequences of fixation at this stage may include frigidity (lack of sexual responsiveness) and impotence , which can lead to unsatisfactory relationships.

Phallic

3 – 6 years

Genitals

6 years – Puberty

Latency

N/A

Puberty and beyond

Genital

Genitals

*Age range may vary

Providing Care for Neonates, Infants, and Toddlers Neonates

●​ APGAR Assessment : Neonates are evaluated using the APGAR score, focusing on appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiratory effort. This quick assessment is done at one and five minutes after birth to gauge adaptation to extrauterine life. ●​ Gestational Age Assessment : The New Ballard Scale helps determine physical and neuromuscular maturity by evaluating factors like arm recoil, posture, and movements. ●​ Physical Characteristics : Neonates generally measure 18-22 inches in length, have a chest circumference of 12-13 inches, and a head circumference of 12.6-14.5 inches. Average weight ranges from 5 pounds, 8 ounces and 8 pounds, 13 ounces . ●​ Vital Signs : Normal vital signs include a respiratory rate of 30-60 per minute, pulse of 100-160 beats per minute, systolic blood pressure of 60-80 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure of 40-50 mm Hg, and a body temperature between 97.7-98.9 degrees Fahrenheit. ●​ Physical Assessments : Checking the abdomen, eyes, ears, skin, fontanels, mouth, and genitalia is important. The neonate is an abdominal breather. ●​ Developmental Milestones : Newborns experience unique growth and developmental changes within their first month of life. Careful observation is essential. Infants ●​ Physical Growth : Infants typically gain 5-7 ounces in the first six months and double their birth weight within the first year. Head circumference, height, and length also increase.

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