NCLEX-PN

●​ Developmental Stages : Infants are in the sensorimotor stage according to Piaget's theory and Erikson's trust versus mistrust stage. They begin to differentiate themselves from others and experience separation anxiety. ●​ Feeding : Infants are fed breast milk or formula every 2-4 hours, with a daily intake of 80-100 mL per kilogram of body weight. ●​ Safety and Risks : Infants are at risk for falls, poisoning, drowning, and burns due to their exploratory behavior and oral stage of development. Toddlers ●​ Vital Signs : Toddler vital signs include a pulse of 90-140 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 20-40 breaths per minute, diastolic blood pressure of 50-80 mm Hg, systolic blood pressure of 80-110 mm Hg, and a bodily temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. ●​ Physical Growth : Toddlers grow about 3 inches per year, and their weight increases fourfold from birth. ●​ Developmental Shifts : Toddlers transition from the sensorimotor to the preoperational stage in Piaget's theory. They begin to communicate with brief phrases, demonstrate curiosity, and show interest in gender identity. ●​ Safety Concerns : Toddlers are at risk for accidents and injuries due to their growing independence, curiosity, and low impulse control. ●​ Nutrition : Toddlers require three meals a day, averaging 900-1800 calories. Iron supplementation supports red blood cell production. ●​ Play and Interaction : Toddlers engage in parallel play, playing near but not necessarily with other children. Toys that stimulate their curiosity and motor skills are suitable. As healthcare providers, it's necessary to tailor care to meet the specific needs of neonates, infants, and toddlers. Assessing growth, development, and potential risks helps ensure a safe and nurturing environment during these early stages of life. Providing Care for Di erent Age Groups: Preschool to Middle Age Adults Preschool Child (Ages 3-5) ●​ Vital Signs : Pulse rate of 80-110 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 20-30 breaths per minute, systolic blood pressure of 80-110 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure of 50-75 mm Hg. ●​ Physical Growth : 4-7 pounds of weight gain and 2-3 inches of height increase per year. ●​ Developmental Milestones : Fears about the dark, expressive language, simple instructions comprehension.

162

© 2025 ACHIEVE ULTIMATE CREDIT-BY-EXAM GUIDE | NCLEX-PN ​

​

​

​

​