NCLEX-PN

●​ Nutrition : Approximately 2,000 calories per day, with between-meal snacks to meet energy needs. ●​ Activities : Interactive play, "why" questions, dress-up, painting, puzzles, and simple books. ●​ Cognitive Stage : Piaget's preoperational stage; Erikson's initiative versus guilt stage. School Age Child (Ages 6-12) ●​ Vital Signs : Pulse rate of 70-100 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 20-25 breaths per minute, systolic blood pressure of 80-120 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure of 55-80 mm Hg. ●​ Physical Growth : Height, weight, and muscle mass increase with growth spurts; higher calorie and nutrient needs. ●​ Developmental Shifts : Begin questioning authority, prefer same-gender friends, development of morals. ●​ Activities : Same-gender friendships, challenging authority, fears of the unknown, interactive play. ●​ Cognitive Stage : Piaget's concrete operations stage; Erikson's industry versus inferiority stage. Adolescents (Ages 13-17) ●​ Vital Signs : Similar to adult vital signs. ●​ Physical Growth : Skeletal and muscular systems undergo growth spurts; higher nutritional and caloric needs. ●​ Developmental Milestones : Complete sexual maturity, self-consciousness, identity development, and future planning. ●​ Activities : Focus on career, future planning, rebellion, and peer acceptance. ●​ Cognitive Stage : Piaget's formal operations stage; Erikson's identity versus role confusion stage. Young Adult (Ages 18-64) ●​ Roles and Relationships : Form and maintain relationships, and assume adult roles. ●​ Stressors : Career, finances, relationships, and parenting ●​ Physical Stage : Physically matured; continue in Piaget's formal operations stage; Erikson's intimacy versus isolation stage. Middle Age Adult (Ages 40-64) ●​ Physical Changes : Muscular strength weakens, hormonal changes (menopause, male climacteric), potential for osteoporosis.

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