NCLEX-PN

●​ Cleansing Enema : Removes feces, often to relieve constipation or prepare for surgery or diagnostic procedures. ●​ Retention Enema : Administers oil or medicated solutions retained by the client to soften stool and facilitate defecation. ●​ Return-Flow Enema : Similar to carminative enemas, it relieves flatus and stimulates peristalsis by instilling fluid into the rectum and sigmoid colon, which is then allowed to return to the enema bag.

Urinary and Fecal Diversion Fecal diversion colostomies can be permanent or temporary, serving purposes like healing anastomoses , relieving bowel obstructions, or facilitating fecal elimination after removal of the distal colon and rectum. There are four primary types: ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid . Each of these colostomies differs in terms of where the stoma is located on the abdomen and the purpose it serves. The choice of colostomy type is based on the client's specific clinical needs. ●​ Ascending Colostomy : This type is typically situated on the right side of the abdomen . It is often employed when there's a need to allow the lower part of the colon and rectum to heal. This may be temporary or permanent, depending on the client's condition. ●​ Transverse Colostomy : Positioned in the upper abdomen , transverse colostomies are used for various purposes, including relieving bowel obstructions. They can also be temporary or permanent, depending on clinical requirements. ●​ Descending Colostomy : Located on the left side of the abdomen , descending colostomies may be employed as a temporary or permanent diversion, depending on the client's medical condition. They can serve to relieve obstructions or other specific clinical needs. ●​ Sigmoid Colostomy : Typically found on the lower left side of the abdomen , sigmoid colostomies are often permanent and are used when the distal part of the colon and rectum need to be removed.

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