NCLEX-PN

F. Comprehensive Understanding of Laboratory Values

Navigating the intricate landscape of laboratory values is a crucial skill for effective nursing care. Here's what you need to know: ●​ Wide Range of Values : Familiarize yourself with various laboratory values spanning different aspects of health. These encompass arterial blood gases, electrolytes, glucose studies, coagulation studies, complete blood count, cardiovascular function studies, thyroid function studies, renal function studies, urinalysis, liver function studies, pancreatic enzymes, GI function studies, and immune function studies. ●​ Drug Level Monitoring : Understand the measurement of drug levels in the bloodstream . Trough levels are drawn at the drug's lowest concentration before the next dose, while peak levels are taken at the highest point after infusion. Maintaining drug levels within the therapeutic range is essential, and you should promptly notify the prescribing physician if deviations occur. ●​ Recognition of Abnormal Values : Recognize deviations from normal values of key indicators, including albumin, liver enzyme tests (ALT and AST), bilirubin, calcium, cholesterol (HDL and LDL), creatinine, digoxin, magnesium, partial thromboplastin time, INR, phosphorous, total protein, PT, and urinary components (albumin, pH, WBC count, differential). ●​ Specimen Collection Techniques : Master techniques for obtaining blood specimens through peripheral or central lines. Additionally, learn procedures for obtaining specimens beyond blood, including wound cultures, stool samples, and urine samples for diagnostic testing. ●​ Monitoring and Client Education : Monitor client laboratory values vigilantly. Provide clients with insights into the purpose and procedures of prescribed laboratory tests, fostering their understanding and active engagement in their healthcare journey. By honing these skills, you enhance client care, facilitate accurate diagnosis, and contribute to informed decision-making within the healthcare setting. Here are some common laboratory values across various categories: Arterial Blood Gases ●​ PaO 2 (Partial pressure of oxygen): 75-100 mmHg ●​ PaCO 2 (Partial pressure of carbon dioxide): 35-45 mmHg ●​ Arterial blood pH: 7.35-7.45

●​ Oxygen saturation (SaO 2 ): 94-100% ●​ Bicarbonate (HCO 3 ): 22-28 mEq/L

Electrolytes

●​ Sodium: 135-145 mmol/L

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