NCLEX-PN

●​ Signs and Symptoms: Respiratory difficulty, hypoxia, cyanosis, and impaired oxygen exchange. ●​ Interventions and Treatments: Oxygen, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and mechanical ventilation when necessary. ●​ Complications: Hypoxia, respiratory arrest, and death. 3.​ Aspiration ●​ Description: Entry of foreign substances into the respiratory tract. ●​ Signs and Symptoms: Coughing, choking, and respiratory obstruction signs. ●​ Interventions and Treatments: Correction of the obstruction, antibiotics, oxygen, intubation, and mechanical ventilation. ●​ Complications: Aspiration pneumonia, airway obstruction, respiratory distress, arrest, and death. 4.​ Inhalation Lung Injuries ●​ Description: Lung injuries from inhaling toxic substances. ●​ Signs and Symptoms: Vary by substance and can include respiratory distress, bronchospasm, edema, and pulmonary hemorrhage. ●​ Interventions and Treatments: Oxygen, bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and mechanical ventilation as needed. ●​ Complications: Lung scarring, respiratory arrest, and death. 5.​ Pleural Effusion ●​ Description: Abnormal fluid collection around the lung. ●​ Signs and Symptoms: Shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, and fever. ●​ Interventions and Treatments: Oxygen, thoracentesis, chest tube drainage, and addressing underlying causes. ●​ Complications: Respiratory distress, failure, and arrest. 6.​ Pneumothorax ●​ Description: Lung collapse due to air in the pleural space. ●​ Signs and Symptoms: Increased work of breathing, chest pain, hypoxia, and circulatory collapse.

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