Nursing 105

Essentials of Nursing Study Guide

Types of Vegetarian Diets

Red Meat & Poultry occasionally occasionally Fish

Eggs

Dairy

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Semi-vegetarian

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Lacto-ovo-vegetarian

Lacto-vegetarian Ovo-vegetarian

Vegan --- Nutritional information throughout the life cycle Nutritional needs during the life cycle are affected by nutritional status, height and weight, meal and snack pattern, adequacy of intake based on guidelines, food allergies, physical activity, culture and ethnicity, family influences, and the use of vitamin and mineral supplements. • Neonate – 1 year : on demand feeding of 80-100mL per kg; addition of solids between 4 and 6 months; introduce new food every five days; teeth eruption begins at 7 months; iron deficiency preventions include iron supplement from age 6 months – 18 months • Toddlers: able to eat most adult foods by age three; keep meals short due to their limited attention span; caloric requirement increases to 900-1800 kcal per day • School age children: require a balance diet of 2400kcal/day • Adolescents: tend to have irregular eating habits; self-esteem issues make them vulnerable to eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia • Young adults: may need additional supplements • Middle aged adults: postmenopausal women need sufficient calcium and vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis due to decreased metabolic and physical activity and therefore have a decrease in caloric need • Older adults: have a lower metabolic rate and decreased physical activity; may need more carbohydrates for fiber and bulk; may also have an impaired sense of taste and smell; a decrease in saliva secretion and gastric juice secretion may affect eating habits; older adults may also be affected by the loss of a spouse, anxiety, depression and a decreased income, which all affect eating habits Macrobiotic --- occasionally ---

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