Nursing 109

N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice Study Guide

Social support and interactions Quality schools Transportation options Environmental quality Physical barriers Physical activity Drug, alcohol, and tobacco use Hand washing and cleanliness HIV status Diet

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o Family history of health problems and diseases • Disparities: These are measures of inequities in health status based on ethnicity, gender, physical or mental abilities, and geography. Healthy People 2020 will assess health disparities in the U.S. population by tracking rates of illness, death, chronic conditions, behaviors, and other types of outcomes in relation to these demographic factors. During the past two decades, one of Healthy People’s overarching goals has focused on disparities. In Healthy People 2000, it was to reduce health disparities among Americans. In Healthy People 2010, it was to eliminate, not just reduce, health disparities. In Healthy People 2020, that goal has expanded even further: to achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. Included in these measures are access to: o Education o Nutritious food o Reliable transportation o Culturally sensitive healthcare providers o Health insurance o A clean environment 7.3 Prevention Nurses work in a wide variety of settings, such as businesses, schools, day care centers, churches, residential facilities, prisons, and mental health centers. Any place where large groups of people work or live may be an appropriate setting for a community health nurse. Regardless of setting, a primary area of focus when caring for communities and individuals with chronic disease is on prevention of disease. There are three commonly identified levels of prevention: primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary Prevention Primary prevention is true prevention. It precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to clients considered physically and emotionally healthy. The goal is to intercept the causes of disease before they involve the individual. Primary prevention interventions aimed at health promotion for the community include health education programs, immunization for the children, physical fitness activities, and nutrition. Other primary prevention activities might include attention to personality development, provision of adequate housing and recreation, as well as agreeable working conditions

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