Nursing 109

N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice Study Guide • Paresthesia: A sensation, usually felt on the skin or in the extremities, that is described as numbness, tingling, pins and needles, or pricking. • Perception: The end result of the neuronal activity is the actual perception of pain, when pain becomes a conscious experience. • Photophobia: Eye discomfort in bright light. • Physical comfort needs: This is related to bodily sensations and the physiologic problems associated with the medical diagnosis. • Pinna: Sometimes called the auricle, this is the visible outer ear that collects the sound and directs it into the auditory canal. • Post-mortem care: Care of the body after death. • Presbycusis: Age-related hearing loss. • Presbyopia: A condition in which the lens of the eye loses its ability to focus, making it difficult to see objects up close. • Primary prevention: True prevention that precedes dysfunction with the goal of intercepting causes of disease. • Progressive muscle relaxation: Encourages the individual to focus on slowly tensing and then relaxing each muscle group. • Psychogenic pain: Pain that most often has a physical origin either in tissue damage or nerve damage, but the pain caused by that damage is increased or prolonged by psychological factors. • Psychological comfort needs: Needs that include the need for self-esteem, confidence, motivation, and trust in order for the individual to move peacefully through the discomforts of painful procedures or trauma that cannot be immediately relieved. • Pupil: The hole in the middle of the iris where light enters the eye. It will normally constrict in bright light and dilate in dim light. • Race: Refers to the major biological divisions of humankind, having distinct physical characteristics, such as color of skin, hair and eyes, blood groups, and other genetic factors. • Reflection: The technique of repeating all or part of a message back to the patient. • Reflex, Babinski: When the sole of the foot is firmly stroked upward starting at the heel, the big toe bends back toward the top of the foot and the other toes fan out. • Reflex, palmar grasp: Stroking the palm of a baby’s hand causes the baby to close her fingers in a grasp. • Reflex, Moro: Often called a startle reflex because it usually occurs when a baby is startled by a loud sound or quick movement or feels like she is falling. • Reflex, rooting: Stroking the corner of the infant’s mouth causes the infant to turn his head in that direction and open his mouth. • Reflex, stepping: Also called the walking or dance reflex, because a baby appears to take steps or dance when held upright with his/her feet touching a solid surface. • Reflex, sucking: When the roof of the baby’s mouth is touched, the baby will begin to suck. • Reflex, tonic neck: Often called the “fencing” position, it is when a baby’s head is turned to one side while lying supine, the arm and leg on that side stretches out and the opposite arm and leg bends up.

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