Nursing 109

N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice Study Guide • Religion: An organized system of beliefs about a higher power represented by set forms of worship, spiritual practices, and codes of conduct. • Retina: A layer of sensory neurons (rods and cones) that relay neurons that respond to light and pass the impulses to the optic nerve. • Retinal detachment: A separation of the light-sensitive membrane in the back of the eye (the retina) from its supporting layers. • Retinopathy: Any disease of the retina. • Rigor mortis: Rigidity of the body that develops after death. • Rinne test: A hearing test that uses a tuning fork and compares air and bone conduction hearing. • Sclera: The opaque outer structure that provides protection and attachment surfaces for eye muscles. • Secondary prevention: Focused on treatment, this level of prevention is aimed at preventing complications. • Semicircular canals: The three canals that are fluid-filled tubes attached to the cochlea; they are important in maintaining a sense of balance. • Sensory impairment: When one or more senses (sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste, and spatial awareness) is no longer normal. • Short PortableMental Status Questionnaire: A 10-question test that is used to assess cognitive ability and organic brain deficit in elderly patients. • Silence: The technique of saying nothing. • Snellen chart: A chart used to test distance visual acuity. • Social comfort needs: The needs for culturally sensitive reassurance, support, and caring. • Spiritual distress: An alteration in spiritual health displayed by anxiety, guilt, loss, despair, anger, spiritual pain, or alienation. • Spiritual health: What occurs when the universal spiritual needs for purpose and meaning, love and belonging, and forgiveness are met. • Spirituality: Anything that has to do with a person’s relationship with a nonmaterial higher power or life source. • Stapes: Also called the stirrup, this is one of the three bony ossicles that receives vibrations from the incus and passes it to the cochlea. • Stereotypes: Standardized and simplified conceptions of groups based on prior assumptions. • Stereotyping: Categorizing a patient based on race, religion, gender, occupation, or any other attribute of the patient. • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS): Sudden, unexpected death in a child less than one year of age. • Summarization: The technique of highlighting the main points the patient and nurse have discussed. • Tertiary prevention: At this prevention level, the disability is permanent and efforts are focused on rehabilitation. • Theory of transcultural care: A theory of cultural care diversity to guide nurses in providing care for culturally diverse patients. The theory developed by Madeleine Leininger.

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