Nursing 109

N109: Foundations in Nursing Practice Study Guide medications according to the perceived effects on the body, as “hot” or “cold.” Illness is due to excess consumption of “hot” or “cold” foods, wind, other environmental factors, emotional states, and sexual activity and may be remedied by treatment such as restoring the balance of foods in the diet. There are some Chinese who may believe that illness is a result of moral retribution by ancestors or deities due to a person’s misdeeds or negligence. Some Chinese and Cambodians believe in interference from malevolent spirits. Spiritual healers are sought for illnesses thought to be caused by spirits. Some Asians may cup, pinch, coin, or rub an ill person’s skin to treat a range of ailments. For cupping, a cup is heated and then placed on the skin, usually on the forehead or abdomen. As it cools, the cup contracts, drawing the skin and what is believed to be the evil energy into the cup. This causes a skin alteration or scar. Pinching is done by pinching the skin between the thumb and index finger to the point of producing a contusion at the base of the nose, between the eyes, or on the chest, neck, or back. Coining is the rubbing of the skin with the side of a coin, causing striations or bruising. It is important that these techniques not automatically be labeled as abuse without further culturally sensitive investigation. • European Americans: Traditional healing approaches include treatments using teas, herbs, grasses, and ointments. Some Eastern Europeans may cup, pinch, coin, or rub an ill person’s skin to treat a range of ailments. Honey and pollen are consumed to ensure longevity. 6.3 Theory of Transcultural Care Madeleine Leininger developed a theory of cultural care diversity to guide nurses in providing care for culturally diverse patients. The theory holds that cultural care provides the broadest and most important means to study, explain, and predict nursing knowledge and concomitant nursing care practice. The ultimate goal of the theory is to provide culturally congruent nursing care practices. Assumptions in this theory include: • Caring is essential for well-being, health, healing, growth, and to face impairments or death • Culture care is the broadest holistic means to know, explain, interpret, and predict nursing care practices • Culture care concepts, meanings, patterns, processes, and forms of care are different (diversity) and similar (towards commonalities or universalities) among all cultures of the world • Culturally congruent nursing care can only occur when the individual, group, community, or culture’s care values, processes, and patterns are known and used appropriately and in meaningful ways by the nurse • Clients who experience nursing care that fails to be reasonably congruent with their beliefs, values, and patterns will show signs of cultural conflicts, noncompliance, stresses, and ethical or moral concerns

©2018

Achieve

Page 89

of 154

Made with FlippingBook - Online Brochure Maker