Philosophy

Philosophy Study Guide

Chapter 1: The Nature of Philosophy Learning Objectives 1. Define the nature of philosophy 2. Discuss the process involved in critical thinking 3. Discuss the different types of argument forms 4. Discuss methods of evaluating arguments 5. Discuss the different types of informal fallacies 6. Discuss he different branches of philosophy 7. Discuss problems with philosophy as a science

1.1 What is Philosophy? Philosophy deals with the most complex, thought-provoking, and profound questions on human life. It attempts to deal with questions that, by their nature, resist simple answers. The foundation of philosophy began in ancient Greece as the mother of all disciplines involving humans and their involvement with their universe. Philosophy’s ultimate goal is to achieve wisdom by looking to apply knowledge and great intelligence to generate creative solutions to challenging problems. Philosophy’s foundation is based on four components, which include wonder, wisdom, truth, and a dynamic process. Philosophy involves six distinct areas of study which includes: metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, logic, aesthetics, and political and social (sciences) philosophy. The application of philosophy stimulates one to penetrate beneath the surface of daily experiences, seeking a comprehensive vision of reality and a desire for synthesis and integration; in a sense, it is “putting all of the pieces together.” The application of philosophy principles allows the individual to apply a rigorous critical and honest process of testing and discussing beliefs, and continually testing ideas and concepts against their opposites with the final objective being to improve the quality of our lives by enlightening and broadening the human mind. 1.2 Why Study Philosophy? The study of philosophy is thought to encourage the application of the principles and beliefs that help to inspire a person to be more thoughtful, more open-minded, more attuned to the complexities and details of life, and more willing to think critically about themselves and all of life’s important issues. The principles of the foundation of philosophy encourages the individual to be less willing to accept superficial interpretations and simplistic answers by serving as a training guide for the mind, showing the individual how to think in a clear analytical way. It is believed that the study of philosophy enables an individual to communicate more effectively, grow, and make thoughtful and intelligent choices and decisions by providing the conceptual tools required to craft a life inspiring in its challenges and rich in fulfillment. The application of philosophy encourages self-exploration and discovery seeking profound questions about our lives, enabling us to live a life of purpose to fulfill our unique potential and achieve stellar accomplishments. The foundation of philosophy inspires complete liberty of the mind, and freedom from all social, political, and religious prejudices. Philosophy fosters the well-

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