Philosophy

Philosophy Study Guide

©2018 of 126 5.5 Compatibilism............................................................................................................................................................ 55 5.6 Indeterminism and Libertarianism ................................................................................................................... 56 5.7 William James: The Will to Believe .................................................................................................................... 56 5.8 Sartre: We Create Ourselves through Our Choices....................................................................................... 57 5.9 A Feminist Analysis of Freedom.......................................................................................................................... 59 5.10 Making Connections: Creating a Synthesis ................................................................................................... 59 5.11 Chapter Five Practice Exam................................................................................................................................ 61 Chapter 6: How Can We Know the Nature of Reality?...............................................................................64 6.1 What is the Nature of Philosophy? ..................................................................................................................... 64 6.2 Pre-Socratic Philosophers..................................................................................................................................... 65 6.3 Plato: Reality is the Eternal Realm of the Forms........................................................................................... 66 6.4 Aristotle: Reality is the Natural World ............................................................................................................. 68 6.5 Descartes: Can Reality be known?...................................................................................................................... 70 6.6 Making Connections: Your Beliefs about the World .................................................................................... 71 6.7 Chapter Six Practice Exam..................................................................................................................................... 72 Chapter 7: What is Real? What is True?........................................................................................................74 7.1 Questioning Independent Reality....................................................................................................................... 74 7.2 Locke: All Knowledge Comes from Experience.............................................................................................. 74 7.3 Leibniz’s Case against Locke................................................................................................................................. 75 7.4 Locke’s Causal Theory of Perception................................................................................................................. 75 7.5 Berkeley: Reality Depends on Perception....................................................................................................... 76 7.6 Hume: Understanding Reality Demands Skepticism................................................................................... 76 7.7 Kant: We Constitute Our World........................................................................................................................... 77 7.8 Two Realities: Phenomenal and Noumenal .................................................................................................... 79 7.9 Applying Kant’s Theories....................................................................................................................................... 80 7.10 Jaggar: Emotions Shape Our Understanding................................................................................................ 80 7.11 Making Connections: Developing Informed Beliefs .................................................................................. 81 7.12 Chapter Seven Practice Exam ............................................................................................................................ 82 Chapter 8: Are There Moral Truths? ..............................................................................................................84 8.1 Ethics and Values ...................................................................................................................................................... 84 8.2 Thinking Critically About Ethics ......................................................................................................................... 84 Achieve Page 5