Anatomy & Physiology

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

Chapter 1: Basic Anatomical Terminology Human anatomy is the study of the body, its processes, and composition. For anatomists and medical professionals, knowledge of anatomical terminology is important for effective communication, accuracy of diagnosis and treatment, and furthering research and exploration of the body.

Anatomy Gross (macroscopic) anatomy focuses on features that are visible without a microscope. This field includes surface anatomy, regional anatomy, and systemic anatomy. In developmental anatomy , we examine the changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity. Embryology studies the processes that occur during the first eight weeks of development. Clinical anatomy concentrates on the anatomy relevant to the practice of medicine. The limits of microscopic anatomy are established by the equipment used. Cytology analyzes the internal structure of individual cells. Histology examines groups of cells that perform specific functions as tissues. Tissues combine to form organs , which are anatomical units with multiple functions. Human physiology is the study of the functions of the human body. It is based on cell physiology, the study of the functions of cells. Organ physiology studies the physiology of specific organs. Systemic physiology considers all aspects of the functioning of specific organ systems. Pathological anatomy (pathology) studies the effects of diseases on organ or system functions.

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