Anatomy & Physiology

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide The metatarsal bones are five long bones that form the distal portion of the foot, or metatarsus. The metatarsal bones are identified by Roman numerals I–V, proceeding from medial to lateral across the sole. The phalanges , or toe bones, have the same anatomical organization as the fingers. The toes contain 14 phalanges. The hallux , or great toe, has two phalanges (proximal and distal), and the other four toes have three phalanges apiece (proximal, middle, and distal).

The Metatarsal Bones and Phalanges

©2018 Achieve Page 93 8.3 Chapter Eight Review Axial Skeleton The 80 bones of the longitudinal axis make up the axial skeleton: • The axial skeleton can be divided into the skull, the auditory ossicles and hyoid bone, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage. • The appendicular skeleton includes the pectoral and pelvic girdles, which support the upper and lower limbs. The skull is composed of eight cranial bones and 14 facial bones. Foramina and fissures of the skull serve as passageways for nerves and vessels. An orbital complex contains each eye, and the nasal complex encloses the nasal cavities: • Seven bones form each orbital complex. • The nasal complex includes the bones that enclose the nasal cavities and the paranasal sinuses, which are the hollow airways that connect with the nasal passages. Fontanelles are non-ossified fibrous areas between cranial bones that allow for brain growth: • Fibrous connective tissue fontanelles permit the skulls of infants and children to continue growing after birth. The vertebral column has four spinal curves: • The vertebral column consists of the vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx. There are seven cervical vertebrae (the first articulates with the skull), 12 thoracic vertebrae (which articulate with the ribs), and five lumbar vertebrae (the last articulates with the sacrum). The sacrum and coccyx consist of fused vertebrae. of 368