Human Growth and Development

Support networks provide:

Emotional Support

Instrumental Support

Informational Support

Empathy, encouragement, and belonging can help reduce stress and anxiety during transitions.

Tangible assistance, like childcare or financial aid, can ease practical burdens during tough times.

Sharing knowledge and experiences can help individuals navigate the uncertainties of new situations.

Career Development Theory

Donald Super’s Career Development Theory focuses on self-concept, which includes a person’s abilities, values, and interests influencing career choices. Super's theory builds upon the work of Eli Ginzberg and proposes five stages of career development:

Stage

Age Range

Key Characteristics

Growth Stage

4-14

Children explore the world of work through play and observation.

Exploration Stage

15-24

Young adults experiment with part-time jobs, internships, and career interests. Focus on gaining experience, skill development, and career stability. Maintaining career growth, pursuing promotions, or refining expertise.

Establishment Stage 25-44

Maintenance Stage

45-66

Decline Stage

65+

Transition into retirement or reduced work involvement

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