Human Growth and Development

6.​ Which situation illustrates a child developing a sense of industry during Erikson’s industry vs. inferiority stage? A.​ Being the tallest student in the class B.​ Having the most beautiful smile among friends C.​ Receiving praise from an art teacher for excellent artwork D.​ Owning many material possessions E.​ Having many friends 7.​ Alex’s mother has been nagging him for weeks to clean the bathroom. Once he does so, her nagging stops. Alex’s mother's nagging is an example of:

A.​ Negative reinforcement B.​ Positive reinforcement C.​ Negative punishment

D.​ Positive punishment E.​ A fixed-ratio schedule 8.​ In retirement, a person who feels uncertain and aimless about how to fill their time is in the

_____ stage: A.​ Stability

B.​ Honeymoon C.​ Reorientation D.​ Pre-retirement E.​ Disenchantment 9.​ Which of the following may enhance the success of early intervention programs? A.​ Prior participation by siblings B.​ Ending the program when the child starts elementary school C.​ Selecting tutoring in place of family support D.​ Inexperienced clinical staff members E.​ The involvement of parents 10.​How would a teacher use the Montessori method in the classroom to foster development through self-directed learning and hands-on activities? A.​ The teacher creates a structured classroom with a fixed curriculum, using direct instruction and assessments to ensure mastery of academic content. B.​ The teacher standardizes lessons and materials, providing the same content and assessments to all students, regardless of individual needs or interests. C.​ The teacher fosters a flexible, interactive environment, allowing students to explore interests with guidance, supporting their overall growth. D.​ The teacher prioritizes social interaction through unstructured play, minimizing academic focus to avoid overwhelming children. E.​ The teacher emphasizes standardized testing to measure progress and ensure students meet academic benchmarks.

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