Human Growth and Development

Chapter 5: Individual Di erences Overview

In this chapter, we will discuss the major theoretical perspectives on personality and emotion and its impact on development. Additionally, we will review various mental health conditions, such as anxiety, mood, personality, trauma- and stressor-related, neurodevelopmental, and neurocognitive disorders. Learning Objectives

At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:

●​ Understand Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality. ●​ Describe Erikson's psychosocial theory of development and Gould's research on adult development. ●​ Understand the foundations of emotion and the importance of emotional intelligence in development. ●​ Learn and understand the concepts of ageism.

●​ State the manual used to diagnose mental health conditions. ●​ Distinguish between different mental health conditions. ●​ Explain how some disorders can develop due to physical illness. A. Theoretical Perspectives of Personality and Emotion

Developmental psychology studies how personality and emotions develop in people. These two ideas are closely connected and affect how we interact with others, handle problems, and live our lives. This section looks at different theories that explain where personality and emotions come from, how they grow, and how we show them. By learning about these different ideas, we can better understand how personality and emotions work together in human life. Each theory gives a different way to understand personality and emotions. Some focus on biology and genetics, while others look at the effects of the environment and social interactions. Studying these different ideas helps us see how many factors shape personality and emotions and how they all work together. Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), a medical doctor by training, is considered the founding father of psychoanalysis . His theory suggests that the mind has a complex structure that influences personality and emotion.

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